Feipel V, Simonnet M-L, Rooze M
Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, University of Brussels (CP 619), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2003 Apr;25(1):58-63. doi: 10.1007/s00276-002-0093-7. Epub 2003 Apr 3.
Controversies about the existence of accessory proximal popliteus muscle attachments can be found in the literature. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence and width of popliteus attachments on the articular and periarticular structures of the knee joint. The relation of these attachments to tibiofemoral cartilage and meniscus degeneration was also investigated. Forty-two anatomical specimens were dissected. The incidence of accessory proximal attachments was determined and their width measured using a caliper. The fibular attachment of the popliteus was observed in 98% of cases; its mean width was 11 (SD 3) mm. At least one attachment on the lateral meniscus was found in 95% of the specimens, with a mean width of 6 (SD 2) mm. Three types of meniscal attachments of the popliteus could be identified. The severity of meniscus and tibiofemoral cartilage alterations was significantly related to the number of meniscopopliteal fascicles: more severe alterations were seen in knees with fewer meniscopopliteal fascicles. Popliteus attachments on the posterior knee joint capsule (57%), arcuate (90%) and oblique popliteal (79%) ligaments were also observed in most specimens. Popliteus muscle relationships with the posterior cruciate (5%) and meniscofemoral (33%) ligament were less common. In conclusion, accessory popliteus attachments on the fibula, lateral meniscus and arcuate popliteal ligament can be considered constant characteristics. The results of this study suggest a role of the popliteus in the protection of knee menisci and tibiofemoral cartilage.
关于腘肌近端副附着点的存在，文献中存在争议。本研究的目的是验证腘肌在膝关节关节及关节周围结构上附着点的发生率和宽度。还研究了这些附着点与胫股关节软骨和半月板退变的关系。解剖了42个解剖标本。确定副近端附着点的发生率，并用卡尺测量其宽度。在98%的病例中观察到腘肌的腓骨附着点；其平均宽度为11（标准差3）mm。在95%的标本中发现外侧半月板上至少有一个附着点，平均宽度为6（标准差2）mm。可识别出腘肌的三种半月板附着类型。半月板和胫股关节软骨改变的严重程度与半月板腘肌腱束的数量显著相关：半月板腘肌腱束较少的膝关节中可见更严重的改变。在大多数标本中还观察到腘肌在膝关节后关节囊（57%）、弓状韧带（90%）和腘斜韧带（79%）上的附着点。腘肌与后交叉韧带（5%）和半月板股骨韧带（33%）的关系较少见。总之，腓骨、外侧半月板和腘弓状韧带上的腘肌副附着点可被视为恒定特征。本研究结果提示腘肌在保护膝关节半月板和胫股关节软骨方面具有作用。
