Mérida-Velasco J A, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Espín-Ferra J, Mérida-Velasco J R, Rodríguez-Vázquez J F, Jiménez-Collado J
Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
Anat Rec. 1997 Jun;248(2):259-68. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199706)248:2<259::AID-AR13>3.0.CO;2-O.
Many studies have been published on the development of the human knee joint, but scant attention has been given to the development of the knee joint ligaments. The only elements that have received much attention are the cruciate ligaments and their relationships with the synovial membrane.
We summarize our observations on the development of the knee joint ligaments in 50 serially sectioned human embryonic and fetal lower limbs (26 embryos and 24 fetuses).
The patellar ligament begins to form in O'Rahilly stage 20, with the muscle fibers of the quadriceps muscle being attached inferiorly to the tibial tuberosity. The cruciate ligaments (beginning with the posterior) arise from the articular interzone in O'Rahilly stage 21. Subsequently, with the organization of the Wrisberg's meniscofemoral ligament, in week 10 of development, the cruciate ligament system is completed. The lateral collateral ligament begins to form in O'Rahilly stage 23, and from its first appearance it is independent of the knee joint capsule. At this time, development of the tendon of the popliteus muscle begins. The medial collateral ligament begins to develop in week 9 of development as a condensation of the joint capsule. Two weeks later, the intra-articular pad of fat begins to form from mesenchymal tissue below the patella and between the cruciate and the patellar ligaments. With the organization of the suprapatellar bursa in week 14 of development, knee joint development is complete.
The morphogenetic time table of the knee joint ligaments was established.
关于人类膝关节发育的研究已发表众多，但膝关节韧带的发育却很少受到关注。唯一备受关注的部分是交叉韧带及其与滑膜的关系。
我们总结了对50例连续切片的人类胚胎和胎儿下肢（26个胚胎和24个胎儿）膝关节韧带发育的观察结果。
髌韧带在奥赖利20期开始形成，股四头肌的肌纤维向下附着于胫骨结节。交叉韧带（首先是后交叉韧带）在奥赖利21期从关节间区产生。随后，随着里斯伯格半月板股骨韧带的形成，在发育的第10周，交叉韧带系统完成。外侧副韧带在奥赖利23期开始形成，从其首次出现起就独立于膝关节囊。此时，腘肌腱开始发育。内侧副韧带在发育的第9周开始发育，由关节囊的浓缩形成。两周后，髌下和交叉韧带与髌韧带之间的间充质组织开始形成关节内脂肪垫。随着发育第14周髌上囊的形成，膝关节发育完成。
建立了膝关节韧带的形态发生时间表。
