Crognale Michael A
Department of Psychology and Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
J Vis. 2002;2(6):438-50. doi: 10.1167/2.6.2.
It has been argued that the development and aging of the different achromatic and chromatic visual pathways may proceed independently. We review here the evidence for such independent changes with particular emphasis on electrophysiological results. Changes in chromatic and achromatic visual processing throughout the life span were studied using visual evoked potentials (VEPs). VEPs were recorded in response to the presentation of patterns designed to preferentially stimulate achromatic and S-(L+M) and (L-M) chromatic mechanisms. Recordings were made in subjects aged 1 week to 90+ years. Longitudinal measurements were obtained from several infants and cross-sectional measurements were obtained from infants and older subjects. Responses to achromatic reversing patterns at low spatial frequencies appeared early and changed rapidly. Latencies of the achromatic reversal response decreased to mature values within the first 12-15 weeks of life. Responses to chromatic pattern onsets, however, appeared later (L-M: 4 weeks; S: 6-8 weeks) and changed continuously throughout the first year of life. Chromatic waveforms from 1 year to puberty appeared inverted relative to the adult waveform. The waveforms did not appear adultlike until about 12-14 years of age. The latencies of the major negative component of the adult response reached a minimum around 17-18 years of age. Throughout the remainder of the life span, VEP latencies steadily increased and amplitudes slightly decreased. Latencies of responses to chromatic pattern onsets increased more rapidly than latencies to moderate contrast achromatic pattern reversals.
有人认为，不同的非彩色和彩色视觉通路的发育和老化可能是独立进行的。我们在此回顾支持这种独立变化的证据，特别强调电生理结果。使用视觉诱发电位（VEP）研究了整个生命周期中彩色和非彩色视觉处理的变化。VEP是在呈现旨在优先刺激非彩色以及S - （L + M）和（L - M）彩色机制的图案时记录的。记录对象的年龄从1周大到90多岁。从几个婴儿身上获得了纵向测量数据，从婴儿和年长受试者身上获得了横断面测量数据。对低空间频率的非彩色反转图案的反应出现得早且变化迅速。非彩色反转反应的潜伏期在生命的前12 - 15周内降至成熟值。然而，对彩色图案起始的反应出现得较晚（L - M：4周；S：6 - 8周），并且在生命的第一年中持续变化。从1岁到青春期的彩色波形相对于成人波形呈倒置状。直到大约12 - 14岁波形才看起来像成人的。成人反应的主要负成分的潜伏期在17 - 18岁左右达到最小值。在生命的其余时间里，VEP潜伏期稳步增加，振幅略有下降。对彩色图案起始的反应潜伏期比对中等对比度非彩色图案反转的反应潜伏期增加得更快。
