Eckert J H, Erdmann R
Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;147:75-121. doi: 10.1007/s10254-003-0007-z. Epub 2003 Mar 25.
Peroxisome biogenesis conceptually consists of the (a) formation of the peroxisomal membrane, (b) import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix and (c) proliferation of the organelles. Combined genetic and biochemical approaches led to the identification of 25 PEX genes-encoding proteins required for the biogenesis of peroxisomes, so-called peroxins. Peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol and posttranslationally imported into the organelle in an unknown fashion. The protein import into the peroxisomal matrix and the targeting and insertion of peroxisomal membrane proteins is performed by distinct machineries. At least three peroxins have been shown to be involved in the topogenesis of peroxisomal membrane proteins. Elaborate peroxin complexes form the machinery which in a concerted action of the components transports folded, even oligomeric matrix proteins across the peroxisomal membrane. The past decade has significantly improved our knowledge of the involvement of certain peroxins in the distinct steps of the import process, like cargo recognition, docking of cargo-receptor complexes to the peroxisomal membrane, translocation, and receptor recycling. This review summarizes our knowledge of the functional role the known peroxins play in the biogenesis and maintenance of peroxisomes. Ideas on the involvement of preperoxisomal structures in the biogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane are highlighted and special attention is paid to the concept of cargo protein aggregation as a presupposition for peroxisomal matrix protein import.
(a) 过氧化物酶体膜的形成；(b) 蛋白质导入过氧化物酶体基质；以及 (c) 细胞器的增殖。遗传学和生物化学方法相结合，已鉴定出25个PEX基因，这些基因编码过氧化物酶体生物发生所需的蛋白质，即所谓的过氧化物酶。过氧化物酶体基质蛋白和膜蛋白在胞质溶胶中的游离核糖体上合成，然后以未知方式在翻译后导入细胞器。蛋白质导入过氧化物酶体基质以及过氧化物酶体膜蛋白的靶向和插入是由不同的机制完成的。至少有三种过氧化物酶已被证明参与过氧化物酶体膜蛋白的拓扑发生。精心构建的过氧化物酶复合物形成了一种机制，其各组分协同作用，将折叠的甚至寡聚的基质蛋白转运穿过过氧化物酶体膜。在过去十年中，我们对某些过氧化物酶在导入过程不同步骤中的作用的了解有了显著提高，比如货物识别、货物 - 受体复合物与过氧化物酶体膜的对接、转运以及受体循环利用。本综述总结了我们对已知过氧化物酶在过氧化物酶体生物发生和维持中所起功能作用的认识。强调了过氧化物酶体前体结构在过氧化物酶体膜生物发生中的作用，并特别关注货物蛋白聚集作为过氧化物酶体基质蛋白导入前提条件的概念。
