Bejarano Eduar Elías, Rojas Winston, Uribe Sandra, Vélez Iván Darío
Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2003 Mar;23(1):87-102.
The verrucarum group of phlebotomine sand flies includes vectors of Leishmania spp. and Bartonella bacilliformis, and from the perspective of public health is considered as one of the most important groups of neotropical phlebotomine sand flies. Due to marked morphological similarity among species constituting this group, the identification based on conventional taxonomic characters can be difficult. Consequently, the verrucarum group has been the focus of numerous taxonomic comparisons which have included the following methods: chaetotaxy, morphometry, larval spiracular system, chorionic structure, morphology of the genital atrium, cytogenetics, morphological phylogenetics, isoenzymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA, cuticular hydrocarbons, DNA probes, and nuclear and mitochondrial nucleotide sequences. Based on morphological characters of the male terminalia, the verrucarum group has been divided in four series, i.e., verrucarum, serrana, townsendi and pia. Since the revision of the group made by Young and Duncan in 1994, ten new species, principally of Andean origin, have been assigned to 3 of the series verrucarum (L. maranonensis, L. cajamarcensis, L. antioquiensis, L. falcaorum), serrana (L. robusta, L. guilvardae) and pia (L. suapiensis, L. tihuiliensis, L. tocaniensis, L. limafalcaoae). The total number of verrucarum group members is now 40. Explanations for this diversity of species include the isolation of ancestral populations in refugia of humid forest during the quaternary period, the Andean cordilleras as geographical barrier, and the appearance of the Isthmus of Panama. Biology systematics and evolution of the verrucarum group is reviewed with emphasis on the 19 species extant in Colombia.
白蛉属疣组白蛉包括利什曼原虫属和杆菌状巴尔通体的传播媒介，从公共卫生角度来看，被认为是新热带区最重要的白蛉群体之一。由于构成该群体的物种之间形态极为相似，基于传统分类特征进行鉴定可能会很困难。因此，疣组一直是众多分类比较的焦点，这些比较包括以下方法：毛序、形态测量、幼虫气门系统、卵壳结构、生殖腔形态、细胞遗传学、形态系统发育学、同工酶、随机扩增多态性DNA、表皮碳氢化合物、DNA探针以及核和线粒体核苷酸序列。基于雄性外生殖器的形态特征，疣组已被分为四个系列，即疣系列、塞拉纳系列、汤森德系列和皮阿系列。自1994年扬和邓肯对该群体进行修订以来，主要源自安第斯地区的10个新物种已被归入疣系列（马拉尼翁利什曼原虫、卡哈马卡利什曼原虫、安蒂奥基亚利什曼原虫、法尔考利什曼原虫）、塞拉纳系列（粗壮利什曼原虫、吉尔瓦尔代利什曼原虫）和皮阿系列（苏阿皮利什曼原虫、蒂维利利什曼原虫、托卡尼利什曼原虫、利马法尔考利什曼原虫）中的3个系列。疣组成员的总数目前为40个。物种多样性的解释包括第四纪期间祖先种群在潮湿森林避难所中的隔离、安第斯山脉作为地理屏障以及巴拿马地峡的出现。本文回顾了疣组的生物学系统学和进化，重点关注哥伦比亚现存的19个物种。
