Touger-Decker Riva
Division of Nutrition, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 65 Bergen Street, Room 158, Newark, NJ 07107-3001, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2003 Apr;47(2):259-78. doi: 10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00100-3.
There is a dynamic, two-way relationship between nutrition status and local oral health/systemic disease. Functional alterations in the oral cavity can impact the ability to ingest and swallow a typical diet. Nutrition status may influence disease progression and recovery from infection and surgery. Malnutrition and individual nutrient deficiencies can affect tissue integrity and muscle function. The benefits of a nutrition screening program in dental practice are many. First and foremost, it provides another critical component of the comprehensive health evaluation of the patient. Other positive outcomes are numerous and include improved oral and overall health, early detection of diet and nutrition problems, improved probability of successful treatment, improved wound healing and tissue resistance, and increased communication with patients. The extent to which practitioners provide oral health-related diet information in their practices or refer patients to a registered dietitian for medical nutrition therapy varies. Registered dietitians provide comprehensive nutrition care as a component of medical nutrition therapy. The American Dietetic Association (www.eatright.org) provides a nationwide nutrition network available at their Web site to locate a registered dietitian in a particular geographic area. As the primary care provider for the oral cavity (the entry point to the gastrointestinal track), the dental professional should screen patients to determine nutrition risk, integrate the finding into the patient s treatment plan, offer appropriate guidance to manage nutrition issues related to dental sequellae, and provide the necessary referrals.
营养状况与局部口腔健康/全身疾病之间存在动态的双向关系。口腔功能改变会影响摄取和吞咽正常饮食的能力。营养状况可能影响疾病进展以及感染和手术后的恢复。营养不良和个别营养素缺乏会影响组织完整性和肌肉功能。牙科实践中营养筛查计划的益处众多。首先，它为患者的全面健康评估提供了另一个关键组成部分。其他积极成果不胜枚举，包括改善口腔和整体健康、早期发现饮食和营养问题、提高成功治疗的概率、改善伤口愈合和组织抵抗力，以及加强与患者的沟通。从业者在其实践中提供与口腔健康相关的饮食信息或将患者转介给注册营养师进行医学营养治疗的程度各不相同。注册营养师作为医学营养治疗的一部分提供全面的营养护理。美国饮食协会（www.eatright.org）在其网站上提供了一个全国性的营养网络，可用于查找特定地理区域内的注册营养师。作为口腔的初级保健提供者（胃肠道的入口点），牙科专业人员应筛查患者以确定营养风险，将结果纳入患者的治疗计划，就与牙科后遗症相关的营养问题提供适当指导，并提供必要的转介服务。
