Todd James T, Norman J Farley
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2003 Jan;65(1):31-47. doi: 10.3758/bf03194781.
Three experiments are reported in which observers judged the three-dimensional (3-D) structures of virtual or real objects defined by various combinations of texture, motion, and binocular disparity under a wide variety of conditions. The tasks employed in these studies involved adjusting the depth of an object to match its width, adjusting the planes of a dihedral angle so that they appeared orthogonal, and adjusting the shape of an object so that it appeared to match another at a different viewing distance. The results obtained on all of these tasks revealed large constant errors and large individual differences among observers. There were also systematic failures of constancy over changes in viewing distance, orientation, or response task. When considered in conjunction with other, similar reports in the literature, these findings provide strong evidence that human observers do not have accurate perceptions of 3-D metric structure.
本文报告了三项实验，在各种条件下，观察者判断由纹理、运动和双眼视差的各种组合所定义的虚拟或真实物体的三维（3-D）结构。这些研究中采用的任务包括调整物体的深度以匹配其宽度，调整二面角的平面使其看起来正交，以及调整物体的形状使其在不同的观察距离下看起来与另一个物体匹配。在所有这些任务中获得的结果显示出观察者之间存在较大的恒定误差和较大的个体差异。在观察距离、方向或反应任务的变化中，也存在系统性的恒常性失败。当与文献中其他类似的报告结合考虑时，这些发现提供了有力的证据，表明人类观察者对三维度量结构没有准确的感知。
