Westergaard Gregory C, Suomi Stephen J, Chavanne Tara J, Houser Lisa, Hurley Anne, Cleveland Allison, Snoy Philip J, Higley J Dee
Division of Research and Development, LABS of Virginia, Inc., Yemassee, SC 29945, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Jun;28(6):1045-55. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300171. Epub 2003 Apr 2.
We examined the relations among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite concentrations, plasma hormone concentrations, aggression, and impulsive risk-taking behavior in a free-ranging population of female rhesus macaques. We selected 44 juvenile female rhesus macaques as subjects from a population of approximately 3000 macaques that inhabit a 475-acre Sea Island. We obtained CSF and blood samples, and recorded behavioral observations over a subsequent 18-month period. Our results indicate an inverse correlation between CSF concentrations of the major serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and the frequency of low-intensity restrained aggression typically associated with matrilineal defense of social status. In contrast, previous research with males has shown an inverse correlation between CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and levels of violent unstrained aggression typically associated with traumatic injury and death. We also noted a negative correlation between plasma concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol and the frequency of low-intensity aggressive acts, a finding not reported in our previous studies with males. Further examination revealed a negative correlation between CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and the rate of long dangerous leaps through the forest canopy, suggesting that the relation between low serotonergic functioning and impulsivity may generalize to both female and male primates. These results indicate that females with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations, like their male counterparts, are at increased risk for impulsive temperament, but that unlike males, females may be buffered from this risk through intersexual differences in life history patterns and social affiliation.
我们研究了自由放养的雌性恒河猴群体中脑脊液（CSF）单胺代谢物浓度、血浆激素浓度、攻击性和冲动冒险行为之间的关系。我们从居住在一个占地475英亩的海岛上的大约3000只猕猴群体中挑选了44只幼年雌性恒河猴作为研究对象。我们采集了脑脊液和血液样本，并在随后的18个月内记录了行为观察结果。我们的研究结果表明，主要血清素代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的脑脊液浓度与通常与母系社会地位防御相关的低强度克制性攻击频率之间呈负相关。相比之下，之前对雄性恒河猴的研究表明，脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度与通常与创伤性损伤和死亡相关的暴力非克制性攻击水平之间呈负相关。我们还注意到应激激素皮质醇的血浆浓度与低强度攻击行为的频率之间呈负相关，这一发现我们之前对雄性恒河猴的研究中并未报道。进一步的研究发现，脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度与在森林树冠层进行的长距离危险跳跃速率之间呈负相关，这表明血清素功能低下与冲动性之间的关系可能在雌性和雄性灵长类动物中都存在。这些结果表明，脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度较低的雌性恒河猴与雄性恒河猴一样，具有冲动气质的风险增加，但与雄性不同的是，雌性可能通过生活史模式和社会关系中的两性差异来缓冲这种风险。
