Stellman Jeanne Mager, Stellman Steven D, Christian Richard, Weber Tracy, Tomasallo Carrie
Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 600 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Nature. 2003 Apr 17;422(6933):681-7. doi: 10.1038/nature01537.
Herbicides including Agent Orange were sprayed by United States forces for military purposes during the Vietnam War (1961-1971) at a rate more than an order of magnitude greater than for similar domestic weed control. In 1974, the US National Academy of Sciences published estimates of the extent and distribution of herbicides sprayed. Here we present revised estimates, developed using more-complete data. The spray inventory is expanded by more than seven million litres, in particular with heavily dioxin-contaminated herbicides. Estimates for the amount of dioxin sprayed are almost doubled. Hamlet census data reveal that millions of Vietnamese were likely to have been sprayed upon directly. Our identification of specific military herbicide targets has led to a more coherent understanding of spraying. Common errors in earlier interpretations of the spray data are also discussed.
包括橙剂在内的除草剂在越南战争（1961 - 1971年）期间被美军出于军事目的喷洒，其喷洒量比美国国内类似的杂草控制用量高出一个数量级以上。1974年，美国国家科学院公布了所喷洒除草剂的范围和分布估计。在此，我们给出使用更完整数据得出的修订估计。喷洒清单增加了超过700万升，特别是含有高浓度二噁英的除草剂。二噁英喷洒量的估计几乎翻了一番。村落普查数据显示，数百万越南人可能直接受到了喷洒。我们对特定军事除草剂目标的识别使人们对喷洒情况有了更连贯的认识。还讨论了早期对喷洒数据解读中的常见错误。
