Bauer Joachim, Häfner Steffen, Kächele Horst, Wirsching Michael, Dahlbender Reiner W
Psychosomatik und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2003 May;53(5):213-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-38865.
This paper reviews the scientific concepts and the clinical aspects of the burn-out syndrome. According to recent studies, up to 25 % of the German working population appear to suffer from what the Amercan physician and psychoanalyst, Herbert Freudenberger, has designated in 1974 as "burn-out syndrome". Characteristic features of this syndrome are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. People affected by the burn-out syndrome may suffer from depressive or anxious symptoms, from sleep disorders, chronic pain syndromes, or functional disorders of the cardiovascular or gastrointestinal system. Primary causes of the burnout syndrome include high demand combined with low influence, a high level of engagement without sufficient rewards or gratification, and a low level of social support. Preventive measures against burn-out include Balint-like supervision groups. In cases of a fully developed burn-out syndrome, affected persons should undergo either psychotherapy or a multimodal psychosomatic therapy.
本文综述了职业倦怠综合征的科学概念及临床方面。根据最近的研究，德国多达25%的劳动人口似乎患有美国医生兼精神分析学家赫伯特·弗洛登伯格在1974年所定义的“职业倦怠综合征”。该综合征的特征包括情感耗竭、去人格化和个人成就感低落。受职业倦怠综合征影响的人可能会出现抑郁或焦虑症状、睡眠障碍、慢性疼痛综合征，或心血管或胃肠道系统的功能紊乱。职业倦怠综合征的主要成因包括高要求与低影响力并存、投入程度高却缺乏足够的回报或满足感，以及社会支持水平低。预防职业倦怠的措施包括类似巴林特小组的督导团体。对于已发展成熟的职业倦怠综合征患者，应接受心理治疗或多模式身心治疗。
