Lavie Nilli, de Fockert Jan W
Department of Psychology, University College London, London, England.
Percept Psychophys. 2003 Feb;65(2):202-12. doi: 10.3758/bf03194795.
The effects of perceptual load and those of target-stimulus degradation on distractor processing were contrasted. Targets either had to be found among several nontargets (high perceptual load) or were presented alone and were intact (low perceptual load), had reduced size and contrast (Experiment 1), had reduced duration and were followed by a mask (Experiment 2), or had reduced visual acuity owing to position eccentricity (Experiment 3) in the degraded low-load condition. The results showed that both high perceptual load and target degradation increased general task difficulty, as is reflected by overall reaction times and accuracy. However, whereas high perceptual load reduced response-competition effects of irrelevant distractors, target degradation increased distractor effects. These results support the hypothesis that distractor processing depends on the extent to which high perceptual load exhausts attention in relevant processing and provide a dissociation between perceptual load and general task difficulty and processing speed.
研究对比了知觉负载以及目标刺激退化对干扰项加工的影响。在高知觉负载条件下，目标必须在多个非目标中寻找；在低知觉负载条件下，目标单独呈现且完整无缺，或者尺寸减小、对比度降低（实验1），或者持续时间缩短并伴有掩蔽（实验2），又或者由于位置偏心而视敏度降低（实验3）。结果表明，高知觉负载和目标退化均增加了总体任务难度，这在总体反应时和准确性上得以体现。然而，高知觉负载降低了无关干扰项的反应竞争效应，而目标退化则增加了干扰项效应。这些结果支持了以下假设：干扰项加工取决于高知觉负载在相关加工中耗尽注意力的程度，并揭示了知觉负载与总体任务难度及加工速度之间的分离。
