Chen Zhe
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Percept Psychophys. 2003 Aug;65(6):888-900. doi: 10.3758/bf03194822.
Although the effects of attentional focus and perceptual load on selective attention when targets and distractors are distinct objects that occupy separate locations are well known, there has been little examination of their role when both relevant and irrelevant information pertains to the same object. In four experiments, participants were shown Stroop color words or strings of letters in a task of speeded color identification. When the participants' attentional focus was manipulated via cue validity or precue size, greater Stroop interference was observed when the attentional focus was narrow than when it was broad. However, when the participants were induced to adopt a comparable attentional focus in a dual-task paradigm, the differential Stroop interference was eliminated. Furthermore, contrary to the prediction of the perceptual load hypothesis, different levels of processing load did not lead to differential Stroop interference. These results emphasize the importance of stimulus structure in understanding distractor processing. They indicate that when relevant and irrelevant information pertains to the same object, narrowing attentional focus increases distractor processing, and perceptual load has a negligible effect on the extent of distractor processing.
虽然当目标和干扰项是占据不同位置的不同物体时，注意焦点和知觉负载对选择性注意的影响已广为人知，但当相关信息和无关信息都与同一物体相关时，它们所起的作用却很少得到研究。在四项实验中，研究人员向参与者展示了斯特鲁普颜色词或字母串，让他们进行快速颜色识别任务。当通过线索有效性或预线索大小来操纵参与者的注意焦点时，发现注意焦点狭窄时比宽泛时会观察到更大的斯特鲁普干扰。然而，当在双任务范式中诱导参与者采用类似的注意焦点时，斯特鲁普干扰的差异就消除了。此外，与知觉负载假说的预测相反，不同水平的加工负载并未导致斯特鲁普干扰的差异。这些结果强调了刺激结构在理解干扰项加工中的重要性。结果表明，当相关信息和无关信息都与同一物体相关时，缩小注意焦点会增加干扰项加工，而知觉负载对干扰项加工程度的影响可以忽略不计。
