Ashley Olivia Silber, Marsden Mary Elen, Brady Thomas M
RTI, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2003;29(1):19-53. doi: 10.1081/ada-120018838.
Recent research has shown that women and men differ in substance abuse etiology, disease progression, and access to treatment for substance abuse. Substance abuse treatment specifically designed for women has been proposed as one way to meet women's distinctive needs and reduce barriers to their receiving and remaining in treatment. However, relatively few substance abuse treatment programs offer specialized services for women, and effectiveness has not been fully evaluated. This article reviews the literature on the extent and effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women and provides an overview of what is known about the components of successful treatment programs for women. Thirty-eight studies of the effect on treatment outcomes of substance abuse treatment programming for women were reviewed. Seven were randomized, controlled trials, and 31 were nonrandomized studies. In our review, six components of substance abuse treatment programming for women were examined: child care, prenatal care, women-only programs, supplemental services and workshops that address women-focused topics, mental health programming, and comprehensive programming. The studies found positive associations between these six components and treatment completion, length of stay, decreased use of substances, reduced mental health symptoms, improved birth outcomes, employment, self-reported health status, and HIV risk reduction. These findings suggest that to improve the future health and well-being of women and their children, there is a continued need for well-designed studies of substance abuse treatment programming for women.
最近的研究表明，男性和女性在药物滥用的病因、疾病进展以及获得药物滥用治疗方面存在差异。专门为女性设计的药物滥用治疗被认为是满足女性独特需求并减少她们接受和持续治疗障碍的一种方式。然而，相对较少的药物滥用治疗项目为女性提供专门服务，其有效性也尚未得到充分评估。本文回顾了关于女性药物滥用治疗项目的范围和有效性的文献，并概述了已知的成功女性治疗项目的组成部分。我们回顾了38项关于女性药物滥用治疗项目对治疗结果影响的研究。其中7项是随机对照试验，31项是非随机研究。在我们的综述中，研究了女性药物滥用治疗项目的六个组成部分：儿童保育、产前护理、女性专属项目、针对女性主题的补充服务和工作坊、心理健康项目以及综合项目。研究发现，这六个组成部分与治疗完成情况、住院时间、药物使用减少、心理健康症状减轻、分娩结果改善、就业、自我报告的健康状况以及降低艾滋病毒风险之间存在正相关。这些发现表明，为了改善女性及其子女未来的健康和福祉，持续需要对女性药物滥用治疗项目进行精心设计的研究。
