MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Apr 18;52(15):329-32.
In several U.S. cities, recent outbreaks of primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) and increases in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among MSM and among heterosexuals have created concern that HIV incidence might be increasing. In addition, declines in HIV morbidity and mortality during the late 1990s attributable to combination antiretroviral therapy appear to have ended. Until now, CDC has mainly targeted its prevention efforts at persons at risk for becoming infected with HIV by providing funding to state and local health departments and nongovernmental community-based organizations (CBOs) for programs aimed at reducing sexual and drug-using risk behavior. Some recent programs have focused on prevention efforts for persons living with HIV. Funding HIV-prevention programs for communities heavily affected by HIV has promoted community support for prevention activities. At the same time, these communities recognize the need for new strategies for combating the epidemic. In addition, the recent approval of a simple rapid HIV test in the United States creates an opportunity to overcome some of the traditional barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of infected persons. Therefore, CDC, in partnership with other U.S. Department of Health and Services agencies and other government agencies and nongovernment agencies will launch a new initiative in 2003, Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic.
在美国的几个城市，近期男男性行为者（MSM）中一期和二期梅毒的暴发，以及男男性行为者和异性恋者中新诊断出的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染人数的增加，引发了人们对HIV发病率可能上升的担忧。此外，20世纪90年代后期因联合抗逆转录病毒疗法导致的HIV发病率和死亡率下降的情况似乎已经结束。到目前为止，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）主要通过向州和地方卫生部门以及非政府社区组织（CBO）提供资金，用于旨在减少性传播和吸毒风险行为的项目，将预防工作重点放在有感染HIV风险的人群上。最近的一些项目则侧重于对HIV感染者的预防工作。为受HIV严重影响的社区提供HIV预防项目资金，促进了社区对预防活动的支持。与此同时，这些社区认识到需要新的策略来抗击这一流行病。此外，美国最近批准了一种简单的快速HIV检测方法，这为克服一些传统的早期诊断和治疗感染者的障碍创造了机会。因此，CDC将与美国卫生与公众服务部的其他机构以及其他政府机构和非政府机构合作于2003年发起一项新倡议，即“推进HIV预防：应对不断变化的流行病的新策略”。
