de Ribaupierre Anik, Ludwig Catherine
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Bd Carl-Vogt, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Exp Aging Res. 2003 Jan-Mar;29(1):79-105. doi: 10.1080/03610730303705.
It was the goal of this study to determine whether there were age differences specifically associated with the ability to simultaneously execute two tasks, and whether cognitive costs correlated across different situations. Eighty-one young and 86 older adults underwent nine tasks, administered both in single and in dual conditions. Results showed large age differences in raw performances in all conditions. However, a larger cognitive cost in the older adults sample, as assessed by an Age x Condition interaction, was observed only for four out of the nine tasks. Furthermore, age effects were greatly diminished once performance in the single tasks was controlled for. Correlations between the dual tasks, or between the cognitive cost scores, were very low once age was partialled out. Results do not support the notion of general coordination costs and speak against a generalized increase in divided attention costs with advancing age.
本研究的目的是确定是否存在与同时执行两项任务的能力具体相关的年龄差异，以及认知成本在不同情况下是否相关。81名年轻人和86名老年人接受了九项任务，这些任务分别在单任务和双任务条件下进行。结果显示，在所有条件下，原始表现存在较大的年龄差异。然而，通过年龄×条件交互作用评估，仅在九项任务中的四项任务中观察到老年人样本中存在较大的认知成本。此外，一旦对单任务表现进行控制，年龄效应就会大大减弱。一旦排除年龄因素，双任务之间或认知成本分数之间的相关性非常低。结果不支持一般协调成本的概念，也反对随着年龄增长注意力分散成本普遍增加的观点。
