Jäger Theodor, Kliegel Matthias
Saarland University.
J Gen Psychol. 2008 Jan;135(1):4-22. doi: 10.3200/GENP.135.1.4-22.
The authors investigated the phenomenon that performance in an ongoing task declines when individuals must carry out a prospective memory (PM) task. This effect is referred to as the PM interference effect. The authors examined whether the PM interference effect differs between event-based and time-based PM tasks and whether it is increased among the elderly. The authors also investigated adult age differences in PM performance and the potential underlying mechanisms of the age deficits in PM. They found that the PM interference effect was greater in event-based than in time-based tasks. However, aging was not associated with an increase in PM interference effects. Age differences in PM performance were more exaggerated in time-based than event-based PM, but they were not mediated by age differences in traditional cognitive ability measures. In time-based PM, age showed a unique adverse effect even after controlling for the ability to externally monitor the time, leading to the possibility that aging disrupts time-based PM because of deficits in internally processing the time.
当个体必须执行前瞻性记忆（PM）任务时，正在进行的任务的表现会下降。这种效应被称为PM干扰效应。作者们考察了基于事件的PM任务和基于时间的PM任务之间的PM干扰效应是否存在差异，以及在老年人中该效应是否会增强。作者们还研究了成年人在PM表现上的年龄差异以及PM中年龄缺陷的潜在潜在机制。他们发现，基于事件的任务中的PM干扰效应比基于时间的任务中的更大。然而，衰老与PM干扰效应的增加并无关联。在基于时间的PM中，PM表现的年龄差异比基于事件的PM中更为显著，但它们并非由传统认知能力测量中的年龄差异所介导。在基于时间的PM中，即使在控制了外部监测时间的能力之后，年龄仍显示出独特的不利影响，这导致衰老可能由于内部处理时间的缺陷而干扰基于时间的PM。
