Martin M, Schumann-Hengsteler R
Universität Mainz Psychologisches Institut, Mainz.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 1996 Mar-Apr;29(2):119-26.
Studies on the prospective memory performance of adults suggest that in everyday tasks like sending postcards at appointed times there is no age deficit for older subjects compared to younger adults. In contrast, laboratory prospective memory tasks often find age deficits. In a study with young and old adults we tested the hypothesis of older people being better in prospective memory performance in a number of different prospective memory tasks. We also related the performances in everyday and laboratory prospective memory tasks. In addition, we compared performances with respect to the amount of cognitive resources demanded by the different prospective memory tasks. Our results suggest that age deficits in prospective memory tasks are more likely the more laboratory-like a task is, that there is no simple relationship between performances in everyday and laboratory tasks, and that older adults are particularly handicapped when a prospective memory task makes high monitoring demands.
对成年人前瞻性记忆表现的研究表明，在诸如按时寄明信片这样的日常任务中，与年轻成年人相比，老年受试者不存在年龄缺陷。相比之下，实验室前瞻性记忆任务常常发现年龄缺陷。在一项针对年轻和老年成年人的研究中，我们在多项不同的前瞻性记忆任务中检验了老年人在前瞻性记忆表现方面更出色这一假设。我们还将日常和实验室前瞻性记忆任务中的表现联系起来。此外，我们根据不同前瞻性记忆任务所需的认知资源量比较了表现。我们的结果表明，前瞻性记忆任务中的年龄缺陷越可能出现在越类似实验室的任务中，日常任务和实验室任务中的表现之间不存在简单的关系，并且当前瞻性记忆任务对监控要求较高时，老年人会特别受影响。
