Timmer Erika, Steverink Nardi, Dittmann-Kohli Freya
Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2002;55(4):321-39. doi: 10.1177/009141500205500401.
The aim of this study is to explore three different developmental dimensions in an aging population. Based on sentence completion responses, the investigation examines personal anticipations of possible gains, maintenance, and losses. Additionally, the effects of age and other personal and situational factors are examined. The study sample consists of 2,934 participants ranging from 40 to 85 years of age, who participated in the German Aging Survey of 1996. Study findings indicate that, to a large extent, the anticipated gains include positive changes in the way of life and increased leisure projects while anticipated maintenance refer to physical and behavioral resources and to life style. Anticipated losses are related to concerns about external living conditions and physical decline. There is a strong association of anticipated gains and maintenance with age, while present health conditions are related to expectations of loss. The implications of the study results for lifespan expectations in the second half of life and for lifespan theory are discussed.
本研究的目的是探讨老年人群体中三个不同的发展维度。基于句子完成反应，该调查考察了对可能的收获、维持和损失的个人预期。此外，还考察了年龄以及其他个人和情境因素的影响。研究样本包括2934名年龄在40至85岁之间的参与者，他们参与了1996年的德国老龄化调查。研究结果表明，在很大程度上，预期的收获包括生活方式的积极变化和休闲项目的增加，而预期的维持则涉及身体和行为资源以及生活方式。预期的损失与对外部生活条件和身体衰退的担忧有关。预期的收获和维持与年龄有很强的关联，而目前的健康状况与损失预期有关。文中讨论了研究结果对后半段生命期预期以及生命期理论的启示。
