Hoe Sony, Davidson Denise
Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2002;55(4):341-66. doi: 10.2190/41L2-5C5E-5HQU-1DW2.
The purpose of the present research was to examine younger (7-years-old) and older (10-years-old) children's attitudes toward older individuals following one type of five primes: positive prime, negative prime, elderly prime, grandparent prime, or neutral prime. Overall, children's attitudes on three tests--Apperception, Semantic Differential, and Attribute Salience--were affected by the type of prime children were given, with positive and grandparent primes resulting in more positive views toward older individuals than negative, elderly, or neutral (control group) primes. The present research provides evidence that priming the most accessible cognitions about an individual can affect even young children's perception of the individual. These results are discussed in terms of category-based and data-driven processing and may explain the disparate findings obtained in previous studies that have shown the children's attitudes toward older individuals are sometimes negative, whereas other studies have shown that children's attitudes are more positive or neutral.
本研究的目的是考察年幼（7岁）和年长（10岁）儿童在接受五种启动类型之一后对年长者的态度：积极启动、消极启动、老年人启动、祖父母启动或中性启动。总体而言，儿童在三项测试——统觉、语义分化和属性显著性——中的态度受到所给予儿童的启动类型的影响，积极启动和祖父母启动导致对年长者的看法比消极、老年人或中性（对照组）启动更积极。本研究提供了证据，即启动关于个体最容易获取的认知甚至会影响幼儿对该个体的认知。这些结果从基于类别的处理和数据驱动的处理角度进行了讨论，并且可能解释了先前研究中获得的不同发现，这些研究表明儿童对年长者的态度有时是消极的，而其他研究则表明儿童的态度更积极或中性。
