Kan Joseph Y K, Rungcharassaeng Kitichai, Umezu Kiyotaka, Kois John C
Center for Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
J Periodontol. 2003 Apr;74(4):557-62. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.557.
Attempts have been made to evaluate the biologic dimension of osseointegrated implants, however, most are histologic studies in animals, and the effect of soft tissue support from adjacent teeth on the interproximal dimension of the peri-implant mucosa for anterior single implants has not been addressed. This study clinically evaluated the dimensions of the peri-implant mucosa around 2-stage maxillary anterior single implants in humans after 1 year of function. The influence of the peri-implant biotype was also examined.
Forty-five patients (20 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 47.3 years were included in this study. A total of 45 maxillary anterior single implant crowns with a mean functional time of 32.5 months (range, 12 to 78) were evaluated. The dimensions of peri-implant mucosa were measured by bone sounding using a periodontal probe at the mesial (MI), mid-facial (F), and distal (DI) aspects of the implant restoration and the proximal aspects (MT, DT) of adjacent natural teeth. In addition, the peri-implant biotype was evaluated and categorized as thick or thin. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t test (P<0.05).
The means and standard deviations of the dimensions of peri-implant mucosa at MT, MI, F, DI, and DT were 4.20 +/- 0.77 mm, 6.17 +/- 1.27 mm, 3.63 +/- 0.91 mm, 5.93 +/- 1.21 mm, and 4.20 +/- 0.64 mm, respectively. The dimensions of peri-implant mucosa in the thick biotype were significantly greater than the thin biotype at MT, MI, and DT (P<0.05).
The mean facial dimension of peri-implant mucosa of 2-stage implants is slightly greater than the average dimension of the dentogingival complex. The level of the interproximal papilla of the implant is independent of the proximal bone level next to the implant, but is related to the interproximal bone level next to the adjacent teeth. Greater peri-implant mucosal dimensions were noted in the presence of a thick peri-implant biotype as compared to a thin biotype.
人们已尝试评估骨结合种植体的生物学维度，然而，大多数是对动物的组织学研究，且相邻牙齿的软组织支持对前牙单颗种植体周围种植体周黏膜邻面维度的影响尚未得到探讨。本研究对人类上颌前牙区单颗二期种植体在功能行使1年后周围种植体周黏膜的维度进行了临床评估。同时也研究了种植体周生物型的影响。
本研究纳入了45例患者（20例男性和25例女性），平均年龄47.3岁。共评估了45颗上颌前牙单颗种植体牙冠，平均功能时间为32.5个月（范围12至78个月）。使用牙周探针通过骨探测测量种植体修复体的近中（MI）、面中（F）和远中（DI）以及相邻天然牙的邻面（MT、DT）处种植体周黏膜的维度。此外，对种植体周生物型进行评估并分为厚型或薄型。采用独立t检验进行统计分析（P<0.05）。
MT、MI、F、DI和DT处种植体周黏膜维度的平均值及标准差分别为4.20±0.77mm、6.17±1.27mm、3.63±0.91mm、5.93±1.21mm和4.20±0.64mm。厚生物型种植体周黏膜在MT、MI和DT处的维度显著大于薄生物型（P<0.05）。
二期种植体周围种植体周黏膜的平均唇面维度略大于牙本质龈复合体的平均维度。种植体邻面乳头的水平与种植体旁的近中骨水平无关，但与相邻牙齿旁的近中骨水平有关。与薄生物型相比，厚种植体周生物型存在时种植体周黏膜维度更大。
