Clark Lee Anna, Vittengl Jeffrey, Kraft Dolores, Jarrett Robin B
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1407, USA.
J Pers Disord. 2003 Apr;17(2):152-72. doi: 10.1521/pedi.17.2.152.23990.
Results have been inconsistent regarding the ability of personality measures to predict future depression severity levels, leading some researchers to question the validity of personality assessment, especially when patients are acutely depressed. Using a combination of regression and factor analytic techniques, we separated the variance of personality measures into stable trait and variable state-affect components. Findings supported the hypotheses that depression severity measured at different time points would correlate with both stable trait and concurrent state-affect components in personality measures, whereas change in depression severity would correlate with state changes but not with stable trait scores. Thus, personality assessments tap both state affect and trait variance, with the state-affect variance masking the trait variance when patients are depressed.
关于人格测量预测未来抑郁严重程度的能力，研究结果一直不一致，这使得一些研究人员质疑人格评估的有效性，尤其是当患者处于急性抑郁状态时。我们运用回归分析和因素分析技术相结合的方法，将人格测量的方差分离为稳定特质和可变状态影响成分。研究结果支持了以下假设：在不同时间点测量的抑郁严重程度与人格测量中的稳定特质和同时期的状态影响成分均相关，而抑郁严重程度的变化与状态变化相关，与稳定特质分数无关。因此，人格评估既涉及状态影响方差，也涉及特质方差，当患者抑郁时，状态影响方差会掩盖特质方差。
