Uchio Eiichi, Watanabe Yoichiro, Kadonosono Kazuaki, Matsuoka Yasuhiro, Goto Satoru
Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, 232-0024, Yokohama, Japan.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Jun;241(6):497-504. doi: 10.1007/s00417-003-0679-8. Epub 2003 May 17.
A simulation model of the human eye which we have developed was applied to simulated airbag ocular injury, to determine the physical and mechanical conditions of the impacting airbag that would cause globe rupture in a post-photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye.
Simulations were performed with a computer using the finite element analysis program PAM-CRASH()(Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). The airbag was set to impact on the surface of post-PRK eyes-D3, D6, D10, and D15-and an intact eye at various impact velocities. Strain on the cornea and sclera exceeding 18.0% and 6.8%, respectively, was assumed to indicate the possibility of rupture of each tissue.
In contrast to the intact eye, in post-PRK eyes, at the lowest velocity of 20 m/s, some of the element reached the strain threshold in D15. At the medium velocity of 30 m/s, limited corneal rupture was observed in all situations. At the high velocity, 40 m/s, scleral laceration was found in eyes with all diopters, and apparent corneal rupture was observed in D10 and D15, indicating that globe rupture was very likely to occur.
These results suggest that severe ocular trauma can be caused in post-PRK eyes by airbags at high impact velocities. Preoperative discussion with candidates for laser refractive surgery regarding the potential for severe ocular injury if the normal integrity of the eye is compromised by surgery may be appropriate. Research on modification of airbag design and deployment to minimize the risk of ocular injury is important.
我们开发的人眼仿真模型被应用于模拟气囊眼部损伤，以确定在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（PRK）后眼中，导致眼球破裂的撞击气囊的物理和机械条件。
使用有限元分析程序PAM-CRASH()（日本东京的日本ESI公司）在计算机上进行模拟。将气囊设置为以不同的撞击速度撞击PRK术后眼睛（D3、D6、D10和D15）以及正常眼睛的表面。分别假设角膜和巩膜上超过18.0%和6.8%的应变表明每个组织有破裂的可能性。
与正常眼睛相比，在PRK术后眼中，在最低速度20米/秒时，D15中的一些单元达到了应变阈值。在中等速度30米/秒时，在所有情况下均观察到有限的角膜破裂。在高速40米/秒时，所有屈光度的眼睛均出现巩膜裂伤，在D10和D15中观察到明显的角膜破裂，表明眼球破裂很可能发生。
这些结果表明，在高撞击速度下，气囊可导致PRK术后眼受到严重眼外伤。对于激光屈光手术候选者，术前讨论手术可能损害眼睛正常完整性时严重眼外伤的可能性可能是合适的。研究改进气囊设计和展开方式以尽量减少眼外伤风险很重要。
