Power Erik D, Duma Stefan M, Stitzel Joel D, Herring Ian P, West Robert L, Bass Cameron R, Crowley John S, Brozoski Fred T
Impact Biomechanics Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2002 Oct;73(10):1000-6.
Airbags have saved lives in automobile crashes for many years and are now planned for use in helicopters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for ocular injuries to helicopter pilots wearing night vision goggles when the airbag is deployed.
A nonlinear finite element model of the human eye was created. Ocular structures such as the fatty tissue, extraocular muscles, and bony orbit were included. The model was imported into Madymo (Mathematical Dynamical Models) and used to determine the worst-case position of a helicopter pilot wearing night vision goggles. This was evaluated as the greatest Von Mises stress in the eye when the airbag was deployed.
The worst-case position was achieved by minimizing the distance between the eyes and goggles, having the occupant look directly into the airbag, and making initial contact with the airbag halfway through its full deployment. Simulations with the goggles both remaining fastened to and breaking away from the aviator helmet were performed. Finally, placing a protective lens in front of the eyes was found to reduce the stress to the eye but increase the force experienced by the surrounding orbital bones.
The finite element model of the eye proved effective for evaluating the experimental parameters.
多年来安全气囊在汽车碰撞事故中挽救了许多生命，现在计划将其应用于直升机。本研究的目的是调查安全气囊展开时佩戴夜视镜的直升机飞行员眼部受伤的可能性。
创建了人眼的非线性有限元模型。模型中纳入了眼部结构，如脂肪组织、眼外肌和眼眶骨。该模型被导入到Madymo（数学动力学模型）中，用于确定佩戴夜视镜的直升机飞行员的最坏情况位置。这被评估为安全气囊展开时眼睛中最大的冯·米塞斯应力。
最坏情况位置是通过最小化眼睛与护目镜之间的距离、让乘员直视安全气囊以及在安全气囊完全展开的中途与之首次接触来实现的。对护目镜固定在飞行员头盔上以及从头盔上脱落的情况都进行了模拟。最后发现，在眼睛前方放置一个保护镜片可减轻眼睛所受应力，但会增加眼眶周围骨骼所承受的力。
眼睛的有限元模型被证明对评估实验参数有效。
