Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, C. so Dogliotti 14, University of Turin, I-10126 Torino, Italy.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(2):115-27. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400205.
Morbidity associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can involve a variety of extrahepatic conditions, including lichen planus (LP) and sialadenitis, predominantly or exclusively involving the oral region, conditions which have been largely neglected in reviews. The literature suggests that HCV-infected patients may frequently have Sjögren-like sialadenitis with mild clinical symptoms, whereas oral LP may be significantly associated with HCV infections in Southern Europe and Japan but not in Northern Europe. These geographical differences could be related to immunogenetic factors such as the HLA-DR6 allele, significantly expressed in Italian patients with OLP and HCV. Analysis of experimental data suggests that HCV could be involved in the pathogenesis of both these diseases. Moreover, parotid lymphoma may arise in patients with sialadenitis, mainly with type II cryoglobulinemia. Little attention has been paid to oral health needs in HCV-infected patients and the variable effect of interferon-alpha therapy on oral tissues. Further research is needed, because of the potentially great influence of oral diseases possibly linked to HCV on the quality of life of millions of patients.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染相关的发病率可能涉及多种肝外病症，包括扁平苔藓（LP）和涎腺炎，主要或仅累及口腔区域，这些病症在综述中大多被忽视。文献表明，HCV感染患者可能经常出现具有轻微临床症状的干燥综合征样涎腺炎，而口腔LP在南欧和日本可能与HCV感染显著相关，但在北欧并非如此。这些地域差异可能与免疫遗传因素有关，如HLA - DR6等位基因，在患有口腔扁平苔藓和HCV的意大利患者中显著表达。对实验数据的分析表明，HCV可能参与这两种疾病的发病机制。此外，涎腺炎患者可能会出现腮腺淋巴瘤，主要与II型冷球蛋白血症有关。HCV感染患者的口腔健康需求以及α干扰素治疗对口腔组织的不同影响很少受到关注。由于与HCV相关的口腔疾病可能对数百万患者的生活质量产生潜在的重大影响，因此需要进一步研究。
