Egermann M, Brocai D, Lill C A, Schmitt H
Stiftung Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2003 May;24(4):271-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-39498.
Triathlon is an individual sport consisting of three disciplines - swimming, cycling and running. Triathlon has changed from a novel appearance to a very popular Olympic sport within the last fifteen years. Nevertheless, there is not sufficient data about injuries in triathlon. The aim of this retrospective survey was to investigate the incidence of injuries according to class of injuries, anatomical sites and disciplines. Relations to age, sex, performance level, training habits and medical care were analysed. Questionnaires were sent to all German speaking participants of the Ironman Europe 2000. With a response rate of 35 %, 656 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria. At least one injury was experienced by 74.8 % (95 %-CI: 71.3-78.1) of all respondents during their active time in triathlon. 51.1 % (95 %-CI: 47.2-55.0) suffered one or more contusion/skin-abrasions, 33.1 % (95 %-CI: 29.5-36.8) muscle-/tendon-injuries, 29.0 % (95 %-CI: 25.5-32.6) ligament-/capsule-injuries and 11.9 % (95 %-CI: 9.5-14.6) fractures. Most of the injuries happened during cycling (54.8 % [95 %-CI: 51.9-57.8]) within training sessions. 18.7 % (95 %-CI: 16.4-21.2) of all injuries occurred while the athletes were competing. Considering the low number of competition hours per year, the incidence of injuries during competition was higher than during training session. Significant relations were found considering the age, performance level and weekly training hours of the triathletes. Older athletes sustained more fractures (p = 0.024), high performance athletes suffered more contusions/abrasions (p = 0.003) and muscle-tendon-injuries (p = 0.001) and athletes with a large number of weekly training hours suffered more muscle-tendon-injuries (p = 0.014). To summarize, injuries in triathlon seem to be related to age, performance level and weekly training hours, but not to sex, presence of training coach and medical care.
铁人三项是一项个人运动，由游泳、自行车和跑步三个项目组成。在过去的十五年里，铁人三项已从一项新奇的运动发展成为一项非常受欢迎的奥林匹克运动。然而，关于铁人三项运动中受伤情况的数据并不充分。这项回顾性调查的目的是根据损伤类别、解剖部位和项目来调查损伤的发生率。分析了损伤与年龄、性别、运动水平、训练习惯和医疗护理之间的关系。向2000年欧洲铁人三项赛所有讲德语的参与者发放了问卷。问卷回复率为35%，656份问卷符合纳入标准。在所有受访者参与铁人三项运动的活跃期内，74.8%（95%置信区间：71.3 - 78.1）的人至少经历过一次损伤。51.1%（95%置信区间：47.2 - 55.0）的人遭受过一次或多次挫伤/皮肤擦伤，33.1%（95%置信区间：29.5 - 36.8）的人有肌肉/肌腱损伤，29.0%（95%置信区间：25.5 - 32.6）的人有韧带/关节囊损伤，11.9%（95%置信区间：9.5 - 14.6）的人有骨折。大多数损伤发生在训练期间的自行车项目中（54.8% [95%置信区间：51.9 - 57.8]）。所有损伤中有18.7%（95%置信区间：16.4 - 21.2）发生在运动员比赛期间。考虑到每年比赛时间较少，比赛期间的损伤发生率高于训练期间。在考虑铁人三项运动员的年龄、运动水平和每周训练时长时发现了显著关系。年龄较大的运动员骨折更多（p = 0.024），高水平运动员挫伤/擦伤更多（p = 0.003）以及肌肉 - 肌腱损伤更多（p = 0.001），每周训练时长较多的运动员肌肉 - 肌腱损伤更多（p = 0.014）。总之，铁人三项运动中的损伤似乎与年龄、运动水平和每周训练时长有关，但与性别、是否有训练教练以及医疗护理无关。
