业余铁三运动员急性损伤和过度使用综合征的风险因素-回顾性分析。
Risk factors for acute injuries and overuse syndromes of the shoulder in amateur triathletes - A retrospective analysis.
机构信息
Department of General Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 1;13(6):e0198168. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198168. eCollection 2018.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of shoulder-related acute and overuse injuries in triathletes and examine the role of possible risk factors, in order to identify potential preventive measures.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective epidemiologic study of 193 amateur triathletes between June and August 2013 and evaluated their competition and training habits, as well as the presence of acute and overuse injuries of the shoulder sustained during the past 12 months. Contingency tables were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Normally distributed data were compared with the independent samples t-test, while non-parametric analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression was used to identify important predictors of injuries.
RESULTS
12 participants (6%) sustained acute injuries and 36 athletes experienced an overuse injury. The acute injury rate amounted to 0.11 per 1000 hours of training and the overuse injury rate to 0.33 per 1000 hours of training. There was no association between athletes' age, height, weight, BMI, a history of shoulder complaints or triathlon experience in years and acute or overuse injuries. Male athletes had a trend for sustaining more acute injuries then female athletes (8% vs. 2%, p = 0.079). Athletes with acute injuries spent a significantly higher amount of time per week doing weight training (p = 0.007) and had a trend for a higher weekly duration of cycling training (p = 0.088). Athletes with overuse injuries participated in a significantly higher number of races compared to athletes without overuse injuries (p = 0.005). The regular use of paddles was associated with a significantly higher rate of overuse injuries (24% vs. 10%, p = 0.014).
CONCLUSION
The regular use of paddles during swimming training appears to be a risk factor for the development of overuse injuries, while an increased duration of weight and cycling training seems to be associated with a higher rate of acute injuries.
目的
调查铁三运动员中与肩部相关的急性和过度使用损伤的患病率，并探讨可能的危险因素的作用，以确定潜在的预防措施。
方法
我们对 2013 年 6 月至 8 月期间的 193 名业余铁三运动员进行了回顾性流行病学研究，评估了他们的比赛和训练习惯，以及过去 12 个月内肩部的急性和过度使用损伤的发生情况。使用 Pearson 卡方检验分析列联表。将正态分布数据与独立样本 t 检验进行比较，而非参数分析则使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验进行。使用二元逻辑回归来确定损伤的重要预测因素。
结果
12 名参与者（6%）发生急性损伤，36 名运动员发生过度使用损伤。急性损伤率为每 1000 小时训练 0.11 次，过度使用损伤率为每 1000 小时训练 0.33 次。运动员的年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肩部投诉史或铁三经验年限与急性或过度使用损伤之间无关联。男性运动员发生急性损伤的趋势高于女性运动员（8%比 2%，p = 0.079）。发生急性损伤的运动员每周进行举重训练的时间明显更长（p = 0.007），且每周骑自行车训练的时间也有较高的趋势（p = 0.088）。与无过度使用损伤的运动员相比，过度使用损伤的运动员参加的比赛数量明显更多（p = 0.005）。在游泳训练中经常使用划水板与过度使用损伤的发生率显著升高相关（24%比 10%，p = 0.014）。
结论
在游泳训练中经常使用划水板似乎是过度使用损伤的危险因素，而增加举重和骑自行车训练的时间似乎与急性损伤的发生率增加有关。
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