Arévalo-Chico Héctor, Sellés-Pérez Sergio, Cejuela Roberto
Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Aug 19;12(8):225. doi: 10.3390/sports12080225.
(1) Background: Studies on injury prevention programs are lacking for triathletes. The aim of the present study was to describe the results of a holistic (injury) training prevention program (HITP), based on training load control and strength training, in elite triathletes. (2) Methods: The study was conducted over 2021-2023 and involved 18 males and 10 females from the same training group. The HITP itself included various methods of fatigue monitoring, strength training focused on the prevention of overuse injuries (OIs), cycling skills training, and recovery strategies. The total number and type of injuries that were sustained, subsequent training/competition absence time, and injury incidence were determined. (3) Results: Twenty-four injuries were recorded over all three seasons, i.e., 0.65 injuries per 1000 h of training and competition exposure. Fourteen injuries were traumatic injuries (TIs) and ten were OIs. Of the OIs, four were of minimal severity, two were mild, three were moderate, and one was severe (accounting for 1-3, 4-7, 8-28, and >28 days of training absenteeism, respectively). A total of 46.4% of the participants did not present any type of injury and 71,4% did not incur any OIs. Average absenteeism was 17.3 days per injury. (4) Conclusions: The HITP design and implementation resulted in low OI and severe injury incidence. Due to their unpredictable nature, the number of TIs was not reduced. The TIs were suffered more frequently by men. Women are more likely to suffer from OIs, so it is particularly important to prevent OIs in women.
(1) 背景：目前缺乏针对铁人三项运动员的损伤预防项目研究。本研究的目的是描述一项基于训练负荷控制和力量训练的整体性（损伤）训练预防项目（HITP）在精英铁人三项运动员中的实施效果。(2) 方法：本研究于2021年至2023年期间开展，涉及来自同一训练组的18名男性和10名女性。HITP本身包括多种疲劳监测方法、以预防过度使用损伤（OI）为重点的力量训练、自行车技能训练和恢复策略。记录所遭受损伤的总数和类型、随后的训练/比赛缺勤时间以及损伤发生率。(3) 结果：在这三个赛季中共记录到24起损伤，即每1000小时训练和比赛暴露时长发生0.65起损伤。其中14起为创伤性损伤（TI），10起为过度使用损伤。在过度使用损伤中，4起为轻度，2起为中度，3起为中度，1起为重度（分别导致1 - 3天、4 - 7天、8 - 28天以及超过28天的训练缺勤）。共有46.4%的参与者未出现任何类型的损伤，71.4%的参与者未发生任何过度使用损伤。每次损伤的平均缺勤时间为17.3天。(4) 结论：HITP的设计与实施使得过度使用损伤和严重损伤的发生率较低。由于其不可预测性，创伤性损伤的数量并未减少。男性遭受创伤性损伤的频率更高。女性更易发生过度使用损伤，因此预防女性的过度使用损伤尤为重要。
