Dego O Kerro, Tareke F
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.158, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2003 Jun;35(3):197-205. doi: 10.1023/a:1023352811751.
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian. were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.21%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples. Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%. Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.
在埃塞俄比亚南部的选定地区开展了一项关于牛乳腺炎的研究，旨在确定三种牛品种的病原体、感染率以及风险因素的影响。总共检查了307头泌乳和非泌乳奶牛，其中162头是本地瘤牛，85头是泽西牛，60头是荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛。通过临床检查和加利福尼亚乳腺炎（CMT）检测对这些奶牛进行了检查。其中，40.4%的奶牛通过CMT和细菌学检测呈临床或亚临床乳腺炎阳性，临床乳腺炎患病率为37.1%，亚临床乳腺炎患病率为62.9%。在检查的1133个乳腺中，发现212个（18.7%）受到感染，83个（39.21%）为临床感染，129个（60.8%）为亚临床感染。荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛的乳腺炎患病率显著高于本地瘤牛，非泌乳奶牛的患病率高于泌乳奶牛，泌乳早期的患病率高于泌乳中期，乳房和/或乳头皮肤有病变和/或蜱虫感染的奶牛的患病率高于无此因素的奶牛，雨季的患病率高于旱季。乳腺炎患病率随胎次增加而升高（R = 0.9）。在对248个CMT和临床阳性乳腺样本进行微生物学分析中，212个在培养时对已知乳腺炎病原体呈阳性，36个为阴性。在199个阳性样本中，葡萄球菌占39.2%，链球菌占23.6%，大肠菌群占14.1%，微球菌和芽孢杆菌各占8.0%，放线菌或隐秘杆菌（棒状杆菌）占7.0%。得出的结论是，在该研究区域，临床和亚临床乳腺炎患病率较高，主要由金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌引起。
