Burger Joanna, Fleischer Jennifer, Gochfeld Michael
Nelson Biological Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA.
Environ Res. 2003 Jul;92(3):254-61. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00015-x.
Understanding different patterns of fish consumption is an important component of the assessment of risk from contaminants in fish. While there have been extensive studies of fish consumption in Western cultures, less attention has been devoted to the role of fish and meat in the diets of people in other cultures. A survey of 212 people living in Singapore was conducted to examine the relative importance of fish, shellfish, and other meat in their diets and to ascertain whether there were differences as a function of age, income, education or gender. As expected, fish and shellfish played an important role in their daily diets. On average, people ate fish in about 10 meals a week, chicken for eight meals, and shrimp and pork for about six meals each. While nearly 8% never ate fish, 18% ate fish at all 21 meals a week and over 20% ate shellfish for all 21 meals. Income explained about 14% of the variation in the number of fish meals consumed, and age explained about 8% of the variation in number of chicken meals per week. There were no gender differences in the number of meals of each type. People less than 26 years old ate significantly more pork, chicken, and other meat meals and fewer shellfish meals than older people. People with higher incomes ate significantly more fish meals than those with lower incomes. Chinese individuals ate significantly more meals of pork, chicken, and other meat than other ethnic groups, and they ate only 26% of their meals at home, while others ate 33% of their meals at home. The data indicate a great deal of variation in the number of meals of fish, shellfish, and other meats eaten by the people interviewed, making dietary and risk assessments challenging.
了解不同的鱼类消费模式是评估鱼类污染物风险的重要组成部分。虽然西方文化中对鱼类消费已有广泛研究，但其他文化中人们饮食里鱼类和肉类的作用却较少受到关注。对居住在新加坡的212人进行了一项调查，以研究鱼类、贝类和其他肉类在他们饮食中的相对重要性，并确定是否因年龄、收入、教育程度或性别而存在差异。不出所料，鱼类和贝类在他们的日常饮食中起着重要作用。平均而言，人们每周约有10餐吃鱼，8餐吃鸡肉，虾和猪肉各约6餐。虽然近8%的人从不吃鱼，但18%的人每周21餐每餐都吃鱼，超过20%的人21餐每餐都吃贝类。收入解释了鱼类用餐次数变化的约14%，年龄解释了每周鸡肉用餐次数变化的约8%。各类用餐次数不存在性别差异。26岁以下的人比年长者吃的猪肉、鸡肉和其他肉类餐明显更多，贝类餐则更少。高收入人群比低收入人群吃鱼餐明显更多。华人比其他族群吃的猪肉、鸡肉和其他肉类餐明显更多，他们在家用餐的比例仅为26%，而其他族群在家用餐的比例为33%。数据表明，受访人群食用的鱼类、贝类和其他肉类餐数差异很大，这给饮食和风险评估带来了挑战。
