Mittal Anshu, Elmets Craig A, Katiyar Santosh K
Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Carcinogenesis. 2003 Aug;24(8):1379-88. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgg095. Epub 2003 Jun 5.
The use of dietary botanicals is receiving considerable interest in the protection of skin from the adverse biological effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Dietary feeding of proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds (GSP) (0.2 and 0.5%, w/w) in AIN76 control diet to SKH-1 hairless mice resulted in prevention of photocarcinogenesis in terms of tumor incidence (20-95%), tumor multiplicity (46-95%) and tumor size (29-94%) against UVB-induced complete (both initiation + promotion), initiation and promotion stages of photocarcinogenesis. Feeding of GSP (0.5%, w/w) also resulted in prevention of malignant transformation of UVB-induced papillomas to carcinomas in terms of carcinoma incidence (45%), carcinoma multiplicity (61%) and carcinoma size (75%) compared with non-GSP treated mice following UVB-induced complete carcinogenesis protocol at the end of 30 weeks. Biochemical analysis revealed that treatment of GSP in vivo and in vitro systems significantly inhibited UVB- or Fe3+-induced lipid peroxidation by 57-66% (P<0.01) and 41-77% (P< 0.05-0.001), respectively, thus suggesting the antioxidant mechanism of photoprotection by GSP. Long-term feeding of GSP did not show apparent signs of toxicity in mice when determined in terms of body weight, diet consumption and physical characteristics of internal body organs like spleen, liver and kidney. Feeding of GSP also did not show apparent signs of toxicity when determined in terms of total body mass (mass of lean + fat), total bone mineral density and total bone mineral content by employing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA analysis also revealed that feeding of GSP significantly decreased tissue fat level (24-27%, P<0.05) without changing the total body mass of the animals compared with non-GSP-fed animals. This can be attributed to increased lipolysis or decreased synthesis of fat due to administration of GSP. Together, it can be suggested that inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by GSP treatment may be associated with the reduction in UVB-induced oxidative damage and tissue fat content.
食用植物性食物在保护皮肤免受太阳紫外线（UV）辐射的有害生物学效应方面正受到广泛关注。用从葡萄籽中提取的原花青素（GSP）（0.2%和0.5%，w/w）以AIN76对照饮食喂养SKH-1无毛小鼠，在UVB诱导的光致癌作用的完全（起始+促进）、起始和促进阶段，就肿瘤发生率（20-95%）、肿瘤多发性（46-95%）和肿瘤大小（29-94%）而言，可预防光致癌作用。在30周结束时，按照UVB诱导的完全致癌方案，与未用GSP处理的小鼠相比，用GSP（0.5%，w/w）喂养还可预防UVB诱导的乳头瘤向癌的恶性转化，在癌发生率（45%）、癌多发性（61%）和癌大小（75%）方面均有预防作用。生化分析表明，在体内和体外系统中用GSP处理分别显著抑制UVB或Fe3+诱导的脂质过氧化57-66%（P<0.01）和41-77%（P<0.05-0.001），因此提示GSP具有光保护的抗氧化机制。从体重、饮食消耗以及脾脏、肝脏和肾脏等体内器官的物理特征方面进行测定时，长期用GSP喂养小鼠未显示出明显的毒性迹象。采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）从总体重（瘦体重+脂肪量）、总骨矿物质密度和总骨矿物质含量方面进行测定时，用GSP喂养也未显示出明显的毒性迹象。DXA分析还显示，与未用GSP喂养的动物相比，用GSP喂养可显著降低组织脂肪水平（24-27%，P<0.05），而不改变动物的总体重。这可归因于给予GSP后脂肪分解增加或脂肪合成减少。总之，可以认为用GSP处理抑制光致癌作用可能与减少UVB诱导的氧化损伤和组织脂肪含量有关。
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