Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 22;23(19):11165. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911165.
Nutritional interventions may highly contribute to the maintenance or restoration of human health. Grapes () are one of the oldest known beneficial nutritional components of the human diet. Their high polyphenol content has been proven to enhance human health beyond doubt in statistics-based public health studies, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The current review concentrates on presenting and classifying polyphenol bioactive molecules (resveratrol, quercetin, catechin/epicatechin, etc.) available in high quantities in grapes or their byproducts. The molecular pathways and cellular signaling cascades involved in the effects of these polyphenol molecules are also presented in this review, which summarizes currently available in vitro and in vivo experimental literature data on their biological activities mostly in easily accessible tabular form. New molecules for different therapeutic purposes can also be synthesized based on existing polyphenol compound classes available in high quantities in grape, wine, and grape marc. Therefore an overview of these molecular structures is provided. Novel possibilities as dendrimer nanobioconjugates are reviewed, too. Currently available in vitro and in vivo experimental literature data on polyphenol biological activities are presented in easily accessible tabular form. The scope of the review details the antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, vasoprotective, and neuroprotective roles of grape-origin flavonoids. The novelty of the study lies in the description of the processing of agricultural by-products (grape seeds and skins) of industrial relevance, and the detailed description of the molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, the review of the clinical therapeutic applications of polyphenols is unique as no summary study has yet been done.
营养干预措施可能对维持或恢复人类健康有很大的帮助。葡萄（）是人类饮食中已知的最古老的有益营养成分之一。基于统计学的公共健康研究已经毫无疑问地证明了其高多酚含量可以增强人类健康，尤其是在预防心血管疾病和癌症方面。本综述重点介绍了在葡萄或其副产物中大量存在的具有生物活性的多酚类物质（白藜芦醇、槲皮素、儿茶素/表儿茶素等）的分类和介绍。本综述还介绍了这些多酚分子的作用涉及的分子途径和细胞信号级联，总结了目前关于其生物活性的体外和体内实验文献数据，主要以易于访问的表格形式呈现。也可以根据葡萄、葡萄酒和葡萄渣中大量存在的现有多酚化合物类别合成用于不同治疗目的的新分子。因此，提供了这些分子结构的概述。还综述了作为树枝状大分子纳米生物缀合物的新可能性。以易于访问的表格形式呈现了关于多酚生物活性的现有体外和体内实验文献数据。综述的范围详细说明了源自葡萄的类黄酮的抗糖尿病、抗癌、抗病毒、血管保护和神经保护作用。本研究的新颖之处在于描述了具有工业相关性的农业副产物（葡萄籽和葡萄皮）的加工过程，以及作用的分子机制的详细描述。此外，对多酚类化合物临床治疗应用的综述也是独特的，因为目前还没有进行过总结性研究。
