Albright James T, Pransky Seth M
Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health and Hospital Center, 3030 Children's Way, Suite 402, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003 Apr;50(2):503-14. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00024-5.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous in the environment. Immunocompetent children are commonly infected by these resilient organisms. Cervical lymphadenitis, the most frequent head and neck manifestation of NTM infection, often presents as chronic, unilateral lymphadenopathy with characteristic violaceous overlying skin changes. Diagnosis is ultimately dependent on culture or histopathologic examination of specimen obtained through excisional lymph node biopsy or FNA. The principal treatment of NTM infection remains the surgical excision of diseased tissue. Antibiotics augment surgical therapy and their potential role as a single-modality therapy continues to be investigated.
非结核分枝杆菌在环境中普遍存在。免疫功能正常的儿童通常会被这些具有顽强生命力的微生物感染。颈部淋巴结炎是NTM感染最常见的头颈部表现，常表现为慢性、单侧淋巴结病，并伴有特征性的紫红色皮肤改变。诊断最终依赖于通过切除性淋巴结活检或细针穿刺抽吸术获取的标本进行培养或组织病理学检查。NTM感染的主要治疗方法仍然是手术切除病变组织。抗生素辅助手术治疗，其作为单一治疗方式的潜在作用仍在研究中。
