1 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
2 Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2018 Jan-Dec;32:2058738418806413. doi: 10.1177/2058738418806413.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis (NTML) accounts for about 95% of the cases of head-and-neck mycobacterial lymphadenitis, and its prevalence has been increasing in the Western world. The diagnostic work-up can be challenging, and differential diagnoses such as tuberculous and suppurative lymphadenitis need to be considered. It may, therefore, not be diagnosed until the disease is in a late stage, by which time it becomes locally destructive and is characterized by a chronically discharging sinus. The treatment options include a medical approach, a wait-and-see policy, and surgery, with the last being considered the treatment of choice despite the high risk of iatrogenic nerve lesions. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of pediatric, head-and-neck NTML based on the literature and our own experience, with particular emphasis on the impact and limitations of surgery.
非结核分枝杆菌淋巴结炎（NTML）约占头颈部分枝杆菌淋巴结炎病例的 95%，其在西方世界的患病率一直在增加。诊断工作具有挑战性，需要考虑结核性和化脓性淋巴结炎等鉴别诊断。因此，直到疾病处于晚期才被诊断出来，此时它已经具有局部破坏性，并表现为慢性排脓窦道。治疗选择包括内科治疗、观察等待和手术，尽管存在医源性神经损伤的高风险，但手术仍被认为是首选治疗方法。本文旨在根据文献和我们自己的经验对头颈部儿科 NTML 进行综述，特别强调手术的影响和局限性。
