Cho Sung-Am, Park Kyung-Tae
Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 101 2 Gu Dong-In Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, South Korea.
Biomaterials. 2003 Sep;24(20):3611-7. doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00218-7.
Chemical acid etching alone of the titanium implant surface have the potential to greatly enhance osseointegration without adding particulate matter (e.g. TPS or hydroxyapatite) or embedding surface contaminants (e.g. grit particles). The aims of the present study were to evaluate any differences between the machined and dual acid etching implants with the removal torque as well as topographic analysis. A total of 40 custom-made, screw-shaped, commercially pure titanium implants with length of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 3.75 mm were divided into 4 groups, 10 screws in each, and chemical modification of the titanium implant surfaces were achieved using HF and HCl/H(2)SO(4) dual acid etching. The first exposure was to hydrofluoric acid and the second was to a combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The tibia metaphysics was exposed by incisions through the skin, fascia, and periosteum. One implant of each group was inserted in every rabbit, 2 in each proximal tibia metaphysics. Every rabbit received 3 implants with acid etched surfaces and 1 implant with a machined surface. Twelve weeks post-surgically, 7 rabbits were sacrificed, Subsequently, the leg was stabilized and the implant was removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge (Mark-10 Corporation, USA) (Fig. 1). Twelve weeks after implant placement, the removal torque mean values were the dual acid etched implants (24%HF+HCl/H(2)SO(4), group C) required a higher average force (34.7 Ncm), than the machined surface implants (group A) (p=0.045) (Mann-Whiteney test). Scanning electron micrographs of acid etching of the titanium surface created an even distribution of very small (1-2 microm) peaks and valleys, while machining of the titanium surface created typical microscopically grooved surface characteristics. Nonetheless, there was no difference in surface topography between each acid etched implant groups. Therefore, chemically acid etching implant surfaces have higher strengths of osseointegration than machined implant surfaces. There is less correlation between removal torque and the difference in HF volume%.
仅对钛植入物表面进行化学酸蚀就有可能在不添加颗粒物（如TPS或羟基磷灰石）或嵌入表面污染物（如砂粒颗粒）的情况下极大地增强骨整合。本研究的目的是通过去除扭矩以及形貌分析来评估机械加工和双酸蚀刻植入物之间的任何差异。总共40个定制的、螺旋形的、商业纯钛植入物，长度为5毫米，外径为3.75毫米，被分为4组，每组10个螺钉，并使用HF和HCl/H₂SO₄双酸蚀刻对钛植入物表面进行化学改性。第一次暴露于氢氟酸，第二次暴露于盐酸和硫酸的组合。通过切开皮肤、筋膜和骨膜暴露胫骨近端干骺端。每组的一个植入物插入每只兔子体内，每个近端胫骨干骺端插入2个。每只兔子接受3个酸蚀表面的植入物和1个机械加工表面的植入物。手术后12周，处死7只兔子，随后，固定腿部并使用数字扭矩计（美国Mark-10公司）以反向扭矩旋转方式取出植入物（图1）。植入后12周，去除扭矩平均值为双酸蚀刻植入物（24%HF+HCl/H₂SO₄，C组）比机械加工表面植入物（A组）需要更高的平均力（34.7 Ncm）（p=0.045）（曼-惠特尼检验）。钛表面酸蚀的扫描电子显微镜图像显示出非常小（1-2微米）的峰谷均匀分布，而钛表面的机械加工产生了典型的微观沟槽表面特征。尽管如此，各酸蚀植入物组之间的表面形貌没有差异。因此，化学酸蚀植入物表面比机械加工植入物表面具有更高的骨整合强度。去除扭矩与HF体积百分比差异之间的相关性较小。
