Influence of exogenous gangliosides on the three-dimensional sprouting of goldfish retinal explants in vitro.

To investigate the 3-dimensional outgrowth of ganglion cells of normal and regenerating goldfish retina, retinal explants were cultured in a serum free 3-D fibrin matrix. Daily applications of exogenous gangliosides (GM1), injected either intraocularly (i.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) had no significant effect on the sprouting activity of retinal explants prepared from lesion-activated goldfish whose corresponding optic nerve had been transected. However, in normal, unlesioned animals, a local i.o. injection of GM1 or mixed gangliosides led to a significant enhancement of the basal retinal sprouting activity as compared to controls, which were injected with a 0.9% NaCl solution. This ganglioside related stimulation was maximal after i.o. injection of low concentrations (3 micrograms/eye), didn't occur at high concentrations (30 micrograms/eye) and was similar to the response obtained after i.o. injection of NGF or insulin. I.o. injected phospholipids had no or a slightly inhibitory effect on the sprouting activity as compared to NaCl controls. Daily in vivo i.o. injections of the monoclonal antibody Q211, specifically recognizing c-pathway polysialogangliosides, led to a dose dependent inhibition of the in vitro sprouting of goldfish retina explants. In summary, these data suggest an involvement of gangliosides in the complex process of induction of neuronal sprouting.