Cohen A H, Ermentrout G B, Kiemel T, Kopell N, Sigvardt K A, Williams T L
Dept of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park 20770.
Trends Neurosci. 1992 Nov;15(11):434-8. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90006-t.
Rhythmic motor activity requires coordination of different muscles or muscle groups so that they are all active with the same cycle duration and appropriate phase relationships. The neural mechanisms for such phase coupling in vertebrate locomotion are not known. Swimming in the lamprey is accomplished by the generation of a travelling wave of body curvature in which the phase coupling between segments is so controlled as to give approximately one full wavelength on the body at any swimming speed. This article reviews work that has combined mathematical analysis, biological experimentation and computer simulation to provide a conceptual framework within which intersegmental coordination can be investigated. Evidence is provided to suggest that in the lamprey, ascending coupling is dominant over descending coupling and controls the intersegmental phase lag during locomotion. The significance of long-range intersegmental coupling is also discussed.
节律性运动活动需要不同肌肉或肌肉群之间的协调，以便它们都以相同的周期持续时间和适当的相位关系活动。脊椎动物运动中这种相位耦合的神经机制尚不清楚。七鳃鳗的游泳是通过产生身体弯曲的行波来完成的，其中各节段之间的相位耦合被控制为在任何游泳速度下身体上大约有一个完整波长。本文综述了将数学分析、生物学实验和计算机模拟相结合的工作，以提供一个可以研究节段间协调的概念框架。有证据表明，在七鳃鳗中，上行耦合比下行耦合占主导地位，并在运动过程中控制节段间的相位滞后。还讨论了长距离节段间耦合的意义。
