Lowet Eric, De Weerd Peter, Roberts Mark J, Hadjipapas Avgis
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2022 Jul 8;16:908665. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.908665. eCollection 2022.
Brain oscillations emerge during sensory and cognitive processes and have been classified into different frequency bands. Yet, even within the same frequency band and between nearby brain locations, the exact frequencies of brain oscillations can differ. These frequency differences (detuning) have been largely ignored and play little role in current functional theories of brain oscillations. This contrasts with the crucial role that detuning plays in synchronization theory, as originally derived in physical systems. Here, we propose that detuning is equally important to understand synchronization in biological systems. Detuning is a critical control parameter in synchronization, which is not only important in shaping phase-locking, but also in establishing preferred phase relations between oscillators. We review recent evidence that frequency differences between brain locations are ubiquitous and essential in shaping temporal neural coordination. With the rise of powerful experimental techniques to probe brain oscillations, the contributions of exact frequency and detuning across neural circuits will become increasingly clear and will play a key part in developing a new understanding of the role of oscillations in brain function.
脑振荡在感觉和认知过程中出现，并已被分为不同的频带。然而，即使在相同的频带内以及附近的脑区之间，脑振荡的确切频率也可能不同。这些频率差异（失谐）在很大程度上被忽视了，并且在当前脑振荡的功能理论中作用甚微。这与失谐在同步理论中所起的关键作用形成对比，同步理论最初是在物理系统中推导出来的。在此，我们提出失谐对于理解生物系统中的同步同样重要。失谐是同步中的一个关键控制参数，它不仅在塑造锁相方面很重要，而且在建立振荡器之间的优选相位关系方面也很重要。我们回顾了最近的证据，即脑区之间的频率差异普遍存在且在塑造时间神经协调方面至关重要。随着探测脑振荡的强大实验技术的兴起，精确频率和失谐在神经回路中的作用将变得越来越清晰，并将在形成对振荡在脑功能中作用的新理解方面发挥关键作用。
