de Ruiter Michiel B, Phaf R Hans, Veltman Dick J, Kok Albert, van Dyck Richard
Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychonomics Department, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Neuroimage. 2003 Jun;19(2 Pt 1):376-90. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00099-5.
Individual differences in dissociative style (which is generally considered a risk factor for dissociative pathology) were studied in a nonclinical sample. It was hypothesized that high-dissociative participants would show enhanced attentional abilities toward both relevant and irrelevant stimulus features. In the experiment, threatening and affectively neutral words were classified on their affective valence and the presence of the letter A. To facilitate the full deployment of dissociative abilities, a feature (i.e., negative valence) was included that would automatically attract attention but not interfere with the processing of the central feature. Both the behavioral measures (i.e., reaction time) and the central neural measures (i.e., event-related potentials) showed that the ability to direct attention to the central feature was enhanced in the high dissociators. The high dissociators, moreover, showed evidence of directing attention to both affective valence and the letter A in the letter detection task. It is concluded that dissociative style does not correspond to a damaged or disturbed function but to an enhanced ability to direct and divide attention.
在一个非临床样本中研究了分离风格的个体差异（分离风格通常被认为是分离性病理的一个风险因素）。研究假设是，高分离性参与者对相关和不相关的刺激特征都将表现出更强的注意力能力。在实验中，威胁性和情感中性的词语根据其情感效价和字母A的出现情况进行分类。为了促进分离能力的充分发挥，纳入了一个特征（即负性效价），该特征会自动吸引注意力，但不会干扰对核心特征的加工。行为测量指标（即反应时间）和中枢神经测量指标（即事件相关电位）均显示，高分离性个体将注意力导向核心特征的能力得到了增强。此外，高分离性个体在字母检测任务中表现出将注意力导向情感效价和字母A的证据。研究得出结论，分离风格并非对应于受损或紊乱的功能，而是对应于增强的注意力导向和分配能力。
