水生哺乳动物和各种非哺乳动物脊椎动物房水中的紫外线吸收化合物。

UV-Absorbing compounds in the aqueous humor from aquatic mammals and various non-mammalian vertebrates.

作者信息

Ringvold Amund, Anderssen Erlend, Jellum Egil, Bjerkås Ellen, Sonerud Geir A, Haaland Peder J, Devor Tone Pahle, Kjønniksen Inge

机构信息

Eye Department, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

出版信息

Ophthalmic Res. 2003 Jul-Aug;35(4):208-16. doi: 10.1159/000071172.

DOI:10.1159/000071172

PMID:12815196

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the absorbance of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the aqueous humor of various animal species in relation to the ambient radiation of their respective habitats, and to identify substances responsible for this absorbance. Representatives of all five classes (fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal) have been tested.

METHODS

Absorbance was recorded using a spectrophotometer. The ascorbic and uric acid concentrations were determined by HPLC, and the amino acid profiles with an automatic analyzer. Screening for potential UV-absorbing substances was performed by HPLC and a total of 12 species were examined, 7 of them birds.

RESULTS

UV-absorbing substances in the aqueous humor were proteins, tryptophan, tyrosine and ascorbic and uric acid. In addition, an unknown UV-absorbing component present in bird aqueous humor caused a high, red-shifted UV-absorbance spectrum, particularly in tentatively heavily exposed species such as goose when migrating at 10,000 m altitude. By comparison, the UV absorbance above the 288-nm wavelength was low in the aqueous humor of fish, frogs, aquatic mammals and two ground-living birds. The crocodile, whose aqueous humor contained significant amounts of both ascorbic and uric acid, revealed a concentration mechanism for ascorbic acid.

CONCLUSIONS

The UV absorbance of aqueous humor varies considerably from one species to the next, and independent of class. It is noteworthy that the species being at highest risk for high-dose UV exposure, the migrating goose, showed the most red-shifted spectrum.

摘要

目的

评估不同动物物种房水中紫外线辐射（UVR）的吸光度与其各自栖息地环境辐射的关系，并确定造成这种吸光度的物质。已对所有五个纲（鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类和哺乳类）的代表进行了测试。

方法

使用分光光度计记录吸光度。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定抗坏血酸和尿酸浓度，并用自动分析仪分析氨基酸谱。通过HPLC对潜在的紫外线吸收物质进行筛选，共检测了12个物种，其中7种为鸟类。

结果

房水中的紫外线吸收物质为蛋白质、色氨酸、酪氨酸、抗坏血酸和尿酸。此外，鸟类房水中存在一种未知的紫外线吸收成分，导致高红移紫外线吸收光谱，特别是在如鹅等暂定高度暴露的物种在10000米高空迁徙时。相比之下，鱼类、青蛙、水生哺乳动物和两种地面栖息鸟类的房水在288纳米波长以上的紫外线吸光度较低。鳄鱼的房水含有大量抗坏血酸和尿酸，显示出抗坏血酸的浓缩机制。