Giustini Marco, Ade Paola, Taggi Franco, Funari Enzo
Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2003;39(1):69-76.
Several countries fail to systematically collect statistical data on accidents in bathing waters of recreational areas. Yet, drowning, near-drowning, head trauma and spinal chord injuries are important causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. In Italy, the available statistical data are circumscribed to drowning, and show that between 1969 and 1997 the mortality dropped from some 1,200 to some 500 cases/year, and its rate from 21 to 7.5 deaths per million resident/year. The mortality for drowning is much higher in males than in females, but in the period examined it halved in both the sexes. From 1969 to 1997, the mortality rates considerably decreased in all the age subgroups, but particularly in that of young people. The analysis of these data indicates that some general factors have played an important role, like a better education and information, a greater surveillance by adults and a better organisation of summer resorts. A national strategy aimed at preventing recreational accidents would provide much better results than those obtained without any planning.
几个国家未能系统收集游乐区浴场事故的统计数据。然而，溺水、近乎溺水、头部创伤和脊髓损伤是全世界死亡率和发病率的重要原因。在意大利，现有的统计数据仅限于溺水情况，数据显示，1969年至1997年间，溺水死亡率从每年约1200例降至约500例，死亡率从每百万居民每年21例降至7.5例。男性溺水死亡率远高于女性，但在研究期间，两性的死亡率均减半。1969年至1997年，所有年龄组的死亡率都大幅下降，尤其是年轻人。对这些数据的分析表明，一些普遍因素发挥了重要作用，比如更好的教育和宣传、成年人更强的监管以及更好的避暑胜地组织。一项旨在预防游乐事故的国家战略将比无规划情况下取得更好的成果。
