Ryan Kevin M, Nathanson Andrew T, Baird Janette, Wheelhouse Jenna
Department of Emergency Medicine, Menino Pavillion, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (Dr Ryan).
Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (Drs Nathanson, Baird, and Wheelhouse).
Wilderness Environ Med. 2016 Mar;27(1):10-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.09.022. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
Prior sailing injury studies have been small, focused investigations. This large, population-based study examined the mechanisms and factors contributing to sailboat-related injuries and deaths.
A retrospective data analysis of the Boating Accident Report Database compiled by the US Coast Guard between 2000 and 2011 was performed. The database was analyzed looking at frequency of events. For each subgroup, proportions were determined and 95% CIs were calculated. These data, used in conjunction with the 2011 US Coast Guard National Recreational Boating Survey, were used to estimate a fatality rate.
Two hundred seventy-one sailing-related fatalities and 841 injuries were reported. A fatality rate was calculated at 1.19 deaths per million sailing person-days. Weather or hazardous waters were listed as primary contributing factors in 28.0% (95% CI, 22.7-33.4) of deaths; 70.1% (95% CI, 64.7-75.6) of deaths occurred after falling overboard or capsizing. Drowning was the most common cause of death (73.1%; 95% CI, 67.8-78.4), and 81.6% of victims were not wearing a life jacket. Alcohol intoxication contributed to 12.2% (95% CI, 8.3-16.1) of deaths. Operator- or passenger-preventable factors contributed to 52.7% (95% CI, 49.3-56.1) of all injuries; 51.6% (95% CI, 46.1-57.1) of injuries on nonmotorized sailboats were the result of capsizing, and 46.4% (95% CI, 42.1-50.7) of all injuries on motorized sailboats were the result of collisions or grounding.
The calculated fatality rate is similar to that of alpine skiing. Falls overboard and capsizing were the most common fatal accidents. Operator inattention, inexperience, and alcohol use were common preventable factors contributing to fatal and nonfatal injury.
先前关于帆船运动受伤情况的研究规模较小，且为针对性研究。这项基于人群的大型研究探讨了导致帆船相关受伤和死亡的机制及因素。
对美国海岸警卫队在2000年至2011年间汇编的划船事故报告数据库进行回顾性数据分析。分析该数据库以查看事件发生频率。对于每个亚组，确定比例并计算95%置信区间。这些数据与2011年美国海岸警卫队全国休闲划船调查相结合，用于估计死亡率。
报告了271起与帆船相关的死亡事件和841起受伤事件。计算得出的死亡率为每百万帆船人日1.19人死亡。天气或危险水域被列为28.0%（95%置信区间，22.7 - 33.4）死亡事件的主要促成因素；70.1%（95%置信区间，64.7 - 75.6）的死亡事件发生在落水或翻船之后。溺水是最常见的死亡原因（73.1%；95%置信区间，67.8 - 78.4），81.6%的受害者未穿救生衣。酒精中毒导致12.2%（95%置信区间，8.3 - 16.1）的死亡事件。操作者或乘客可预防的因素导致了52.7%（95%置信区间，49.3 - 56.1）的所有受伤事件；非机动帆船上51.6%（95%置信区间，46.1 - 57.1）的受伤事件是翻船所致，机动帆船上46.4%（95%置信区间，42.1 - 50.7）的所有受伤事件是碰撞或搁浅所致。
计算得出的死亡率与高山滑雪的死亡率相似。落水和翻船是最常见的致命事故。操作者注意力不集中、缺乏经验以及饮酒是导致致命和非致命伤害的常见可预防因素。
