Crowe Suzanne, Turnbull Shannon, Oelrichs Robert, Dunne Amanda
Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jul 1;37(Suppl 1):S25-35. doi: 10.1086/375369.
The reference standards used to monitor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocyte subsets to provide the CD4+ T cell count and molecular assays to quantify plasma HIV load. Few laboratories in resource-constrained countries can afford to perform these tests. A number of lower-cost assays requiring less expensive equipment may be well-suited to such countries. These include manual CD4 cell assays (Dynal, Coulter, BioRad) and ultrasensitive reverse transcriptase (Cavidi) and p24 (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) assays to monitor virus load. Quality control and access to quality assurance programs are essential. The total lymphocyte count, although readily available and inexpensive, generally does not correlate as closely with CD4+ T cell counts. Other surrogate markers, such as beta2-microglobulin, are not suitable for routine monitoring of HIV infection. This review discusses the above assays and their role in addition to clinical monitoring in resource-constrained countries.
用于监测人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的参考标准是T淋巴细胞亚群的流式细胞术分析以提供CD4+T细胞计数，以及定量血浆HIV载量的分子检测。资源有限国家的实验室很少有能力进行这些检测。一些成本较低、所需设备较便宜的检测方法可能很适合这些国家。这些方法包括手动CD4细胞检测（Dynal、库尔特、伯乐）以及用于监测病毒载量的超灵敏逆转录酶检测（卡维迪）和p24检测（珀金埃尔默生命科学公司）。质量控制和获得质量保证计划至关重要。总淋巴细胞计数虽然容易获得且成本低廉，但通常与CD4+T细胞计数的相关性不那么紧密。其他替代标志物，如β2-微球蛋白，不适合用于HIV感染的常规监测。本综述除了讨论临床监测外，还探讨了上述检测方法及其在资源有限国家中的作用。
