Souery Daniel, Oswald Pierre, Linkowski Paul, Mendlewicz Julien
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Ann Med. 2003;35(3):191-6. doi: 10.1080/07853890310008242.
Each year, one million people die of suicide. Among the different identified risk factors, genetic factors seem to be part of a multidimensional behavior, including psychiatric, psychosocial, biological factors and physical illness. Family studies have provided evidence for familial transmission in suicide, confirmed in twin and adoption studies. At a molecular level, serotonin seems to be one of the key neurotransmitters implicated in suicidal behavior. Therefore, genes coding for proteins involved in serotonergic neurotransmission have been extensively studied in case-control association studies on suicide. Major findings concern Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene, particularly in violent suicidal behavior. Though they may seem contradictory, studies on Serotonin transporter (5-HTT), Monaomine oxidase (MAOA), Serotonin 2A and 2C receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C) and Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes are promising. In spite of those observations having some limitations, it appears that genetic factors are a serious risk factor, besides environmental aspects of suicidal behavior.
每年有100万人死于自杀。在已确定的不同风险因素中，遗传因素似乎是多维行为的一部分，包括精神、心理社会、生物因素和身体疾病。家族研究为自杀的家族遗传提供了证据，这在双胞胎和收养研究中得到了证实。在分子水平上，血清素似乎是与自杀行为有关的关键神经递质之一。因此，在自杀的病例对照关联研究中，对编码参与血清素能神经传递的蛋白质的基因进行了广泛研究。主要发现涉及色氨酸羟化酶（TPH）基因，特别是在暴力自杀行为方面。尽管这些研究结果可能看似相互矛盾，但对血清素转运体（5-HTT）、单胺氧化酶（MAOA）、血清素2A和2C受体（5-HT2A和5-HT2C）以及酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）基因的研究很有前景。尽管这些观察结果存在一些局限性，但除了自杀行为的环境因素外，遗传因素似乎也是一个严重的风险因素。
