Kamphuis Jan H, Emmelkamp Paul M G, Bartak Anna
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2003 Jun;42(Pt 2):145-56. doi: 10.1348/014466503321903562.
Stalking can have a major psychosocial impact on its victims. Accumulating evidence suggests frequent post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions. The present study aimed to detail the affective and cognitive responses following post-intimate stalking, and to assess the associations between stalking severity, person-related psychosocial variables and symptoms of PTS.
Female members (N = 131) of a Dutch nation-wide support group were contacted by mail and completed questionnaires pertaining to their stalking history, Big Five personality traits, coping, social support, as well as PTS reactions and symptoms.
The Traumatic Constellation Identification Scale was used to elucidate emotional and cognitive responses to post-intimate stalking. To assess the associations between stalking severity indices, person-related psychosocial variables and PTS, a regression analysis was conducted using the Impact of Events Scale as a dependent variable.
Affective reactions included affective liability, fear, shame and loss. Associated maladaptive beliefs included decreased trust, increased alienation and isolation, and attributions of self-blame. Indices of stalking severity accounted for 22% of the PTS variance, with stalking violence being the most potent predictor. Another 8% of PTS variance was associated with a passive coping reaction and (lower) openness to experience.
PTS following stalking was associated with both stressor-related and person-related variables. Risk factors for PTS included severe stalking including violence and passive coping. Prolonged post-intimate stalking may lead to personality adaptation (i.e. becoming more closed, cautious and reserved).
跟踪骚扰行为会对受害者产生重大的心理社会影响。越来越多的证据表明存在频繁的创伤后应激（PTS）反应。本研究旨在详细描述亲密关系后的跟踪骚扰行为所引发的情感和认知反应，并评估跟踪骚扰行为的严重程度、与个人相关的心理社会变量以及PTS症状之间的关联。
通过邮件联系了荷兰一个全国性支持小组的女性成员（N = 131），她们完成了与跟踪骚扰经历、大五人格特质、应对方式、社会支持以及PTS反应和症状相关的问卷。
使用创伤星座识别量表来阐明对亲密关系后的跟踪骚扰行为的情感和认知反应。为了评估跟踪骚扰严重程度指标、与个人相关的心理社会变量和PTS之间的关联，以事件影响量表作为因变量进行了回归分析。
情感反应包括情感易感性、恐惧、羞耻和失落感。相关的适应不良信念包括信任降低、疏离感和孤独感增加以及自责归因。跟踪骚扰严重程度指标占PTS变异的22%，其中跟踪骚扰暴力是最有力的预测因素。另外8%的PTS变异与消极应对反应和（较低的）经验开放性有关。
跟踪骚扰后的PTS与应激源相关和个人相关变量均有关联。PTS的风险因素包括包括暴力在内的严重跟踪骚扰行为和消极应对。亲密关系后的跟踪骚扰行为持续时间较长可能会导致人格适应（即变得更加封闭、谨慎和保守）。
