Spanagel Rainer
Department of Psychopharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Central Institute of Mental Health, (CIMH), J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;17(4):507-18. doi: 10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00031-3.
Addictive behaviour evolves only on the basis of voluntary drug intake. As a consequence, when designing an animal model that covers several aspects of alcohol dependence and other alcohol related-diseases a necessary precondition is that the animal has voluntary access to alcohol. Animal models on voluntary alcohol consumption have a long-standing tradition in biomedical research on alcoholism. However, preference studies allow only limited conclusions regarding alcohol dependence and addictive behaviour. Therefore, new animal models have been developed that mimic different aspects of human alcohol dependence such as craving, relapse and loss of control over drinking. These models include the reinstatement model, the alcohol deprivation model and the point-of-no-return model. These models have now been pharmacologically validated using anti-craving compounds that are used clinically for treating alcoholics. In conclusion, there appears to be a good correspondence between the events that induce relapse and loss of control over alcohol-taking behaviour in laboratory animals and those that provoke relapse and loss of control in humans.
成瘾行为仅在自愿摄入药物的基础上演变。因此，在设计一个涵盖酒精依赖及其他酒精相关疾病多个方面的动物模型时，一个必要的前提条件是动物能够自愿获取酒精。自愿饮酒的动物模型在酒精中毒的生物医学研究中有着悠久的传统。然而，偏好研究对于酒精依赖和成瘾行为只能得出有限的结论。因此，已经开发出了新的动物模型，这些模型模拟了人类酒精依赖的不同方面，如渴望、复发和对饮酒失去控制。这些模型包括复吸模型、酒精剥夺模型和临界点模型。现在已经使用临床上用于治疗酗酒者的抗渴望化合物对这些模型进行了药理学验证。总之，在实验室动物中诱发酒精摄入行为复发和失去控制的事件与在人类中引发复发和失去控制的事件之间似乎存在良好的对应关系。
