Biesaga-Kościelniak J, Marcińska I, Wedzony M, Kościelniak J
Department of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Jul;21(11):1035-9. doi: 10.1007/s00299-003-0622-9. Epub 2003 Apr 29.
The ability of zearalenone (ZEN) to stimulate the growth of haploid wheat embryos formed following the pollination of wheat spikes with maize pollen was tested. The maize pollination system was used as a model to compare the activity of ZEN with that of auxin analogues. Three solutions, each with a different concentration of ZEN (6.0, 3.0 or 1.5 microM), and a solution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (control) were tested for their effect on ovary swelling, frequency of embryo formation and the ability to regenerate plants. In total, 3,105 florets of 282 spikes from five different cultivars of hexaploid winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were pollinated with maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Gama) pollen and treated with the ZEN solutions. The highest concentration of ZEN (6.0 microM) was the most effective in inducing ovary swelling (84 swollen ovaries/100 pollinated florets) and increasing the frequency of embryo induction (18.9 embryos/100 pollinated florets), but these embryos were severely deformed. They had low capability to germinate in vitro, while callus was easily formed and indirect regeneration of plants was possible. The lowest ZEN concentration (1.5 micrroM) induced ovary swelling in 42.8/100 pollinated florets and embryo growth in 3.3 out of 100 pollinated florets. The embryos were regular in shape, and almost half of them germinated in vitro while callus induction from them failed. The concentration of 3 microM ZEN had an intermediate effect. The type of response of the various wheat genotypes was similar, while frequencies were different, with cv. Izolda being the most responsive. The results show that ZEN has some of the properties of an auxin analogue, while other effects of its action are unique. It can be used in the maize pollination system of doubled haploid production to replace auxin analogues when indirect regeneration of plants via callus tissue is planned.
对玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）刺激小麦穗用玉米花粉授粉后形成的单倍体小麦胚生长的能力进行了测试。以玉米授粉系统为模型，比较ZEN与生长素类似物的活性。测试了三种不同浓度（6.0、3.0或1.5微摩尔）的ZEN溶液以及2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸溶液（对照）对子房膨大、胚形成频率和植株再生能力的影响。总共用玉米（Zea mays L. cv. Gama）花粉对来自五个不同六倍体冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种的282个穗的3105个小花进行授粉，并用ZEN溶液处理。最高浓度的ZEN（6.0微摩尔）在诱导子房膨大（84个膨大房子房/100个授粉小花）和提高胚诱导频率（18.9个胚/100个授粉小花）方面最有效，但这些胚严重畸形。它们在体外发芽能力低，而容易形成愈伤组织并有可能间接再生植株。最低浓度的ZEN（1.5微摩尔）在42.8/100个授粉小花中诱导子房膨大，在100个授粉小花中有3.3个胚生长。胚形状正常，其中近一半在体外发芽，而从它们诱导愈伤组织失败。3微摩尔ZEN的浓度有中间效应。各种小麦基因型的反应类型相似，但频率不同，其中伊佐尔达品种反应最敏感。结果表明，ZEN具有生长素类似物的一些特性，而其作用的其他效应是独特的。当计划通过愈伤组织间接再生植株时，它可用于双单倍体生产的玉米授粉系统中替代生长素类似物。
