Röösli M, Rapp R, Braun-Fahrländer C
Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin der Universität Basel, Switzerland.
Gesundheitswesen. 2003 Jun;65(6):378-92. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40311.
This paper gives an overview of present scientific knowledge in health research on the effects from radio and microwave frequency radiation, at levels to which the general population is typically exposed. The review is based on human experimental and epidemiological studies investigating the effects of radiation in the frequency range between 100 kHz and 10 GHz. The relevant studies were identified via systematic searches of the databases Medline and ISI Web of Science. The review concludes that the existing scientific knowledge base is too limited to draw final conclusions on the health risk from exposure in the low-dose range. Only few studies have investigated the effect of long-term exposure on the general population in the normal environment. Accordingly, little can be predicted regarding long-term health risks. Various studies observed an increased risk for tumours in the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue of people living in the proximity of TV and radio broadcast transmitters. However, methodological limitations to these studies have been identified and their findings are controversial. In studies of a possible association between brain tumours and mobile phone use, the average period mobile phones use was short compared to the known latency period of brain tumours. Although these studies did not establish an overall increased risk of brain tumours associated with mobile phone use, there were some indications of an association. Immediate effects associated with mobile phone use have been observed in human experimental studies that cannot be explained by conventional thermal mechanisms. The observed effects are within the normal physiological range and are therefore hard to interpret with respect to an increased risk to health. However, it can be concluded that mechanisms other than the established thermal mechanisms exist. Because of the present fragmentary scientific database, a precautionary approach when dealing with radio and microwave frequency radiation is recommended for the individual and the general population.
本文概述了当前科学知识中关于射频和微波辐射对健康影响的研究情况，这些辐射水平是普通人群通常会接触到的。该综述基于对100千赫兹至10吉赫兹频率范围内辐射影响的人体实验和流行病学研究。相关研究是通过对Medline和ISI科学网数据库进行系统检索确定的。综述得出结论，现有的科学知识库过于有限，无法就低剂量范围内暴露的健康风险得出最终结论。只有少数研究调查了正常环境中普通人群长期暴露的影响。因此，关于长期健康风险几乎无法预测。多项研究观察到，居住在电视和广播发射塔附近的人群，其造血和淋巴组织患肿瘤的风险增加。然而，已确定这些研究存在方法学上的局限性，其研究结果也存在争议。在关于脑肿瘤与使用移动电话之间可能存在关联的研究中，与已知的脑肿瘤潜伏期相比，移动电话的平均使用时间较短。尽管这些研究并未确定使用移动电话会总体增加患脑肿瘤的风险，但有一些迹象表明存在关联。在人体实验研究中观察到了与使用移动电话相关的即时效应，这些效应无法用传统的热机制来解释。观察到的效应在正常生理范围内，因此就健康风险增加而言很难解释。然而，可以得出结论，除了已确定的热机制之外还存在其他机制。由于目前科学数据库不完整，建议个人和普通人群在应对射频和微波辐射时采取预防措施。
