Ebbinghaus Simone, Bahrainwala Abdul H
Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
Pediatr Nurs. 2003 May-Jun;29(3):177-83.
Recent surveillance data indicates that asthma continues to be a major health problem affecting children and African Americans disproportionately in terms of prevalence, emergency department visits, and hospitalization rates (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2002). Death rates due to asthma also remain higher in African Americans as compared to Caucasians. At Children's Hospital of Michigan, the Inpatient Asthma Service manages the majority of children hospitalized for asthma. An allergy/asthma specialist and a pediatric nurse trained in asthma management (asthma nurse specialist [ANS]) direct this service, which provides standardized inpatient asthma management according to current asthma care guidelines and asthma education to patients and their families before discharge, encourages referrals to the outpatient allergy/asthma clinic for further asthma management and education, and addresses other medical or social needs related to asthma care. The positive outcomes measured were a decreased length of hospital stay (LOS) by 12 hours per hospital admission and average cost savings of $300,000 annually for the hospital. Other positive outcomes included improved patient and family understanding of asthma and improved coordination of care. The asthma nurse specialists have had the benefit of further developing their pediatric asthma assessment, teaching, and communication skills.
近期监测数据表明，哮喘仍是一个主要的健康问题，在患病率、急诊就诊率和住院率方面，对儿童和非裔美国人的影响尤为严重（疾病控制中心[CDC]，2002年）。与白种人相比，非裔美国人的哮喘死亡率也更高。在密歇根儿童医院，住院哮喘服务部门负责管理大多数因哮喘住院的儿童。一名过敏/哮喘专科医生和一名接受过哮喘管理培训的儿科护士（哮喘护士专科[ANS]）负责此项服务，该服务根据当前哮喘护理指南提供标准化的住院哮喘管理，并在出院前为患者及其家属提供哮喘教育，鼓励患者转诊至门诊过敏/哮喘诊所进行进一步的哮喘管理和教育，并满足与哮喘护理相关的其他医疗或社会需求。所衡量的积极成果包括每次住院的住院时间（LOS）减少12小时，医院每年平均节省成本30万美元。其他积极成果包括患者及其家属对哮喘的理解得到改善，护理协调得到改善。哮喘护士专科医生受益于进一步发展他们的儿科哮喘评估、教学和沟通技能。
