La Fond John Q, Winick Bruce J
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Jun;989:300-23; discussion 352-9.
Recently enacted legal strategies to protect society from dangerous sex offenders generally use two very different approaches: Long-term incapacitation or outright release. The first strategy relies on harsh criminal sentences or indeterminate sexual predator commitment laws. The second relies primarily on registration and notification laws. Both strategies rely on prediction models of dangerousness. Authorities determine at a single moment the likelihood that an offender will sexually "recidivate" and then choose the appropriate type of control for an extended period. This paper reviews the problems of predicting sexual recidivism in the context of both strategies. It then proposes special sex offender reentry courts to manage the risk that sexual offenders will reoffend. Risk management allows decision makers to adjust calculations of individual risk on an ongoing basis in light of new information and to adjust the level of control. Drawing on Therapeutic Jurisprudence-a belief that legal rules, procedures, and legal roles can have positive or negative psychological impact on participants in the legal system-these courts can impose, and then adjust control over sex ofenders in the community. In a sex offender reentry court, the judge is a member of an interdisciplinary team that uses a community containment approach; the offender, as a condition for release, enters into a behavioral contract to engage in treatment and submit to periodic polygraph testing. This therapeutic jurisprudence approach creates incentives for offenders to change their behavior and attitudes, thereby reducing their recidivism risk and earning more freedom. It can also monitor compliance and manage risk more effectively.
长期监禁或直接释放。第一种策略依赖于严厉的刑事判决或不确定的性捕食者收容法律。第二种主要依赖于登记和通知法律。这两种策略都依赖于危险性预测模型。当局在某一时刻确定犯罪者性“再犯”的可能性，然后在较长时期内选择适当的控制类型。本文回顾了在这两种策略背景下预测性再犯的问题。然后提出设立专门的性犯罪者重新融入法庭，以管理性犯罪者再次犯罪的风险。风险管理使决策者能够根据新信息持续调整对个体风险的计算，并调整控制水平。借鉴治疗法学——一种认为法律规则、程序和法律角色会对法律系统参与者产生积极或消极心理影响的信念——这些法庭可以对社区中的性犯罪者实施并随后调整控制措施。在性犯罪者重新融入法庭中，法官是一个采用社区遏制方法的跨学科团队的成员；犯罪者作为获释条件，签订一份行为合同，参与治疗并接受定期测谎测试。这种治疗法学方法为犯罪者改变其行为和态度创造了激励机制，从而降低他们的再犯风险并获得更多自由。它还可以更有效地监督合规情况并管理风险。
