Thé Dwight J, Ploutz-Snyder Lori
Excercise Science Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jul;35(7):1216-24. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000074582.55220.1C.
The purpose of this study was to examine previously collected performance scores from the 2000 World Masters Weightlifting Championships to 1). determine the extent to which age and body mass are related to and predictive of indirect estimates of absolute and relative muscular power, and 2). assess possible gender differences in these associations.
Dependent variables were absolute load (ABS = heaviest snatch [kg] + heaviest clean and jerk [kg]) and relative load (REL = ABS [kg]/body mass [kg]), representing indirect estimates of absolute and relative muscular power, respectively. Predictor variables were age (yr) and body mass (kg). Linear regression and various diagnostic procedures were used to analyze the data.
The linear model provided an adequate fit for the data because no departures from the usual assumptions of normally distributed variables and homoscedastic error variance were observed. All predictor variables were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of the dependent variables, but the magnitude of associations (e.g., R(ABS|BM) = 0.18 among females vs R(ABS|BM) = 0.57 among males) and extent of predictive ability (e.g., R(adj)2 for regression of ABS on age and body mass was 0.18-0.58 among females vs 0.74-0.83 among males) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher among males versus females.
The extent to which age and body mass explain differences in muscular power differs between female and male masters weightlifters, but the rate of decline (%.yr-1) in power with advancing age is similar and is in agreement with previous reports for world record holders, other masters athletes, and healthy, untrained individuals, suggesting the importance of the aging process itself over physical activity history.
本研究旨在分析2000年世界大师级举重锦标赛之前收集的成绩分数，以1）确定年龄和体重与绝对和相对肌肉力量间接估计值之间的关联程度及预测能力，以及2）评估这些关联中可能存在的性别差异。
因变量为绝对负荷（ABS = 抓举最大重量[kg] + 挺举最大重量[kg]）和相对负荷（REL = ABS[kg]/体重[kg]），分别代表绝对和相对肌肉力量的间接估计值。预测变量为年龄（岁）和体重（kg）。采用线性回归和各种诊断程序对数据进行分析。
线性模型对数据拟合良好，因为未观察到与正态分布变量和同方差误差方差的常规假设存在偏差。所有预测变量均能显著（P < 0.05）预测因变量，但关联程度（例如，女性中R(ABS|BM) = 0.18，男性中R(ABS|BM) = 0.57）和预测能力范围（例如，女性中ABS对年龄和体重回归的调整后R²为0.18 - 0.58，男性中为0.74 - 0.83）在男性中显著（P < 0.05）高于女性。
年龄和体重对肌肉力量差异的解释程度在男女大师级举重运动员中有所不同，但随着年龄增长力量下降的速率（%·年⁻¹）相似，且与之前关于世界纪录保持者、其他大师级运动员以及健康、未受过训练个体的报告一致，这表明衰老过程本身比体育活动历史更为重要。
